横风作用下敞车的气动性能研究

以C64型敞车为原型车,利用二维定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和两方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法,对横风作用下静止的无导流板满载敞车、无导流板空敞车、有导流板空敞车的气动力进行数值模拟计算。计算结果表明:当横风速度在20.7~46.1 m.s-1时,气动力系数的变化幅度不大,可近似作为常数来对待。在20.7 m.s-1的横风速度下,满载敞车所受侧向力小于空敞车,而升力和倾覆力矩则有所增加,因此敞车装载情况对横风作用下敞车受到的气动力有比较大的影响。敞车侧墙加装导流板后,所受到的气动力没有明显变化。     

机车出租效益论证计算方法的探讨

根据机车出租收费标准,讲述了机车出租效益论证计算的基本原则,由此确定出效益计算的基本流程和基本方法,并以计算工作底稿实例加以说明,最后提出尚存在的问题和改进建议。     

薄壁箱梁内力影响面的实用计算方法

根据功的互等定理,利用四节点壳体单元刚度矩阵的物理特性以及结构内力(应力)影响面的概念,推导出薄壁箱梁结构指定截面内力(应力)影响面的实用计算方法,并通过算例验证了该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法能极大地节约计算工作量,在实际箱梁结构设计计算中,特别是大型复杂宽体箱梁结构的三维设计计算中具有广泛的工程应用前景;且该方法实现了板壳结构内力影响面计算的可视化,解决了利用通用有限元软件不能进行结构内力影响面计算与图形输出的难题。     

地铁盾构隧道施工对周边环境影响的监测

地铁盾构隧道在通过不良地质条件地段施工过程中会对地层产生扰动,可能引起地表及周边建筑物变形或沉降,尤其是隧道穿过正在施工的基坑止水幕墙时,可能会拉裂幕墙危及基坑及附近建筑物安全,因此必须进行监测。文章介绍了广州地铁盾构隧道施工过程中的第三方监测的经验和体会,可供同类工程施工中借鉴。     

Non-commuters: the people who walk to work or work at home

The paper focuses on the socioeconomic characteristics of workers at home and those who walk to work and these are compared with commuters (those who travel to work by motorized transportation). Understanding of such characteristics of these people is useful for purposes of designing policies that encourage these forms of "travel" to work, if it is believed desirable for planning or environmental purposes. For example, subsidizing public transportation may also have an impact on the proclivity to work at home or walk to work. Using a large census data set for Israel, separate subsamples are analyzed for heads of household and for their spouses. Metropolitan areas as well as peripheral urbanized areas are analyzed separately. Logit analysis is used to identify those variables that affect the likelihood of different groups of people to walk to work or to work at home.It is shown that walkers to work tend to be lower-income, less-educated people with lower asset ownership rates. Females are overrepresented amongst them, while "high-status" professionals are underrepresented. Workers at home appear to be a more complex group. They tend to have higher levels of education and wealth than commuters, but earn less on average. They include proportionately more females. The likelihood of working at home increases with home size and with ownership of some durable goods. The workers at home may in fact be comprised of two or more differing groups with contrasting characteristics, one higher-income and higher-educated, the other with lower socio-economic indicators. Because they may be a heterogeneous group, development of planning policies to encourage non-vehicle commuting may require different policy tools for the different subgroups.     

红水河滚装运输方式价值研究

文章针对红水河运输需求大与通航设施能力小的矛盾。提出新型的滚装运输方式,介绍了滚装运输的线路、车型、船型选择方法。并通过与公路、铁路等运输方式在运价、运能及资源综合利用率方面的比较,论述了滚装运输方式的经济价值和社会价值。     

Using longitudinal methods for analysis of a short-term transportation demonstration project

This paper documents an application of panel, or longitudinal data collection in the evaluation of a TSM (Transportation Systems Management) demonstration project. The project was a four-week demonstration of staggered work hours in downtown Honolulu during February–March 1988. The 4 wave panel survey elicited commuting experiences of approximately 2,000 downtown employees at two week intervals before and during the project. The sample involved both employees who participated in the project by shifting their work hours, and those who did not. The panel survey was augmented by floating-car observations of travel times on major routes into downtown Honolulu on the same four dates.The purpose of the analysis was to determine whether employee commute times were affected, and if so, how these changes were distributed among various employee segments. Two methods were used. First, travel time changes were estimated using paired t-tests. Second, regression equations were used to estimate project time savings as a function of trip length, route, and location of residence. Results show that travel time savings due to the project were typically small, less than ten percent. Nonparticipants experienced greater savings than participants, and some segments of participants experienced longer travel times during the project. The panel method proved to be an effective way to measure project travel time impacts and shows that the method is appropriate in short time applications.Presented at the Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board, January 7–11. 1990, Washington, D.C.     

对招投标活动中行政监督问题的探讨

结合我国工程建设项目招投标工作的现状,就如何进一步完善和加强行政监督工作力度的问题,提出了自己的一些见解,与从事行政监督工作的人员共同探讨,也可供有关行政管理部门参考。     

港口国监督对安全管理体系的检查要点

为了进一步加强实施国际安全管理规则,有效地帮助船舶做好迎接港口国检查的准备工作,最大限度地避免船舶遭到滞留或严厉处置情况的发生,文中结合多艘船舶几年来迎接港口国关于ISM规则检查的实际,重点介绍了SMS检查要点和涉及的相关文件与记录。     

以科学发展观为指导适应和谐铁路建设需要不断开创工务工作新局面——在全路工务工作会议上的讲话(摘要)

2006年,全路工务工作在完成第六次大面积提速改造工程、确保青藏线开通运营、强化设备安全基础、深化修程修制改革、规范安全管理等方面取得了突出成绩。2007年,全路工务工作要大力提高设备质量,强化设备安全保障能力,确保第六次提速调图工作的顺利实施,管好用好青藏线,探索高速、重载条件下线桥设备的变化规律,提升检修作业的装备水平和科技含量,确保设备质量均衡和长期稳定,提高干部职工技术水平和人员素质,全面完成2007年各项任务,推动铁路又好又快的向前发展,实现和谐铁路的奋斗目标。