电子节气门体结构原理及失效模式分析

介绍电子节气门体的各个组成部分,电子节气门体在发动机运行过程中所起的作用,及相比于机械节气门体的优势;阐述了电子节气门体的工作原理及特点,着重介绍了电子节气门体的失效形式及不同失效形式对应的失效原理,为电子节气门体失效提供分析思路。     

钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥承载能力的检测与评估

为了研究钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥承载能力的检测与评估方法,以一座跨越黄河的钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥为工程背景,通过查阅工程资料、现场调查、建模计算、荷载试验的方法对该桥的承载能力做出了综合性的评估。研究结果表明:钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥的承载能力评估是一项复杂的、综合性的评估,仅凭某种单一的检测手段无法对其作出科学客观的评价,应综合考虑其工程背景、区域规划、理论模型及实际工作状态,才能对其作出科学客观的评价与建议,这样既能保证桥梁的运营安全又不会造成资源的浪费。     

自升式平台运行工况对危险区域设备选型的影响

分析和总结了大连中远海运重工建造并交付的Super 116E系列自升式钻井平台的危险区域部分设备选型问题;重点讲述了钻井平台危险区划分,危险区域内设备选型与平台设计运行工况之间的相互关联,可为后续海工钻井平台项目的危险区划分及设备选型工作提供参考和借鉴。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

矩形顶管隧道群施工对后背土体扰动规律的初步研究

为更准确地计算矩形顶管隧道施工所需顶推力,揭示小间距顶管隧道群施工中后背土体在顶推力多次叠加作用扰动后的变化情况。首先,基于现有顶管顶推力相关计算公式推导出适用于矩形顶管的顶推力计算公式。然后,整理分析某顶管隧道群工程施工中后背土体水平位移、土压力实测数据,论证矩形顶管顶推力计算公式的正确性与合理性,得到后背土体受顶推力作用产生的水平位移是以隧道中心处为最大值的弓形分布、土体在顶推力二次作用下会产生更为显著的变化且存在残余应力现象等结论。最后,采用统计方法对顶推压力与后背土体水平位移、土压力之间的数据进行处理,取得后背土在顶推压力作用下产生水平位移与土压力的经验公式。     

How do economies of density in container handling operations affect ships’ time and emissions in port? Evidence from Norwegian container terminals

Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working.     

重载情况下船舶及主机加速问题分析

针对目前一些船舶在恶劣海况下遇到的加速问题,以及通过转速禁区时间过长的问题,从螺旋桨匹配和主机内部设计两方面进行原因分析。围绕转速禁区功率裕度,结合相关案例,从轻螺旋桨裕度、转速禁区及MAN主机输出扭矩能力等方面入手,提出改进措施。     

离线船舶机电设备振动采集仪系统设计

设计了离线振动采集仪的硬件系统,通过对传感器电源模块的进行了节电控制设计,优化振动信号的采集策略和采集节奏,提出了振动信号数据处理和存储方法,实现了无人关注下自主对船舶机电设备振动信号连续近百天的采集任务。应用结果显示,采集仪系统结果准确可靠,实现了全工况的实船振动数据的采集设备。     

动力定位船舶全速度路径跟踪CB导引自适应闭环控制

针对仅使用槽道推进器提供横向推力的动力定位船舶路径跟踪控制问题,建立慢变环境干扰影响下的非线性船舶数学模型,设计带有自适应干扰补偿的反步控制算法来消除环境干扰的影响。引入平行目标接近(CB)导引算法为跟踪控制生成期望速度矢量信号,通过与所提出的自适应反步控制算法相结合,得到不受船舶驱动特性限制的全速度范围动力定位船舶导引跟踪控制算法,应用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明系统跟踪误差渐进收敛到零。仿真结果表明通过调整导引算法参数可以调节船舶跟踪过程表现,并可以得到较好的控制精度。     

海堤内坡种植防护林的安全影响分析及尺度论证

海堤从外海堤脚至内侧护堤之间的滩涂围垦空间,既是陆地边缘,也是水的边缘。外侧可构建滨海景观,内侧结合随塘河形成亲水景观,具有得天独厚的优势。内侧平台的防护林及景观有机结合,可构建人们休闲旅游的"黄金绿带"。结合台州某海堤生态提升工程,提出海堤生态提升总体技术方案,重点对海堤内坡种植景观防护林对海堤安全的影响进行分析,明确种植平台高程、尺度布置等主要技术参数,为类似海堤生态改造工程提供参考。