On the handling performance of a vehicle with different front-to-rear wheel torque distributions

ABSTRACT

The handling characteristic is a classical topic of vehicle dynamics. Usually, vehicle handling is studied by analyzing the understeer coefficient in quasi-steady-state maneuvers. In this paper, experimental tests are performed on an electric vehicle with four independent motors, which is able to reproduce front-wheel-drive, rear-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive (FWD, RWD and AWD, respectively) architectures. The handling characteristics of each architecture are inferred through classical and new concepts. The study presents a procedure to compute the longitudinal and lateral tire forces, which is based on a first estimate and a subsequent correction of the tire forces that guarantee the equilibrium. A yaw moment analysis is performed to identify the contributions of the longitudinal and lateral forces. The results show a good agreement between the classical and new formulations of the understeer coefficient, and allow to infer a relationship between the understeer coefficient and the yaw moment analysis. The handling characteristics vary with speed and front-to-rear wheel torque distribution. An apparently surprising result arises at low speed: the RWD architecture is the most understeering configuration. This is discussed by analyzing the yaw moment caused by the longitudinal forces of the front tires, which is significant for high values of lateral acceleration and steering angle.     

基于主动制动的半挂汽车列车横摆稳定性控制

为研究半挂汽车列车在高速大转向等极限操作工况下的横摆稳定性控制问题,建立了14自由度的半挂汽车列车非线性仿真模型;提出了牵引车与半挂车独立直接横摆力矩控制的横摆稳定性控制方案,通过牵引车和半挂车车轮的合理选择和主动制动实现横摆控制;以跟踪参考模型的稳态横摆响应为目标,设计了PI横摆稳定性控制器,对牵引车和半挂车分别设计了目标制动车轮的选择决策规则。单移线操作仿真结果表明,基于主动制动的横摆力矩控制可有效改善极限工况下半挂汽车列车的横摆稳定性,牵引车与半挂车进行独立横摆控制可以减小制动车轮选择决策的复杂性,而获得较好的控制效果。     

直接横摆力矩控制车辆稳定性研究概述

针对直接横摆力矩如何实现汽车的稳定性,与其他一些汽车稳定性控制系统进行了比较。概述了国内外采用的一些直接横摆力矩控制策略及力矩分配方法,并介绍了直接横摆力矩控制在实车上的应用,最后分析了直接横摆力矩的发展趋势。     

基于RISF融合的车辆横摆角速度估计

使用车载角速度传感器测量获得的横摆角速度,存在噪声干扰大、量测值滞后等问题.为了提高车辆横摆角速度估计的精确性,本文中设计了一种基于可靠指标传感器融合(reliability indexed sensor fusion,RISF)多源传感信息融合的估计算法.首先,使用自适应容积卡尔曼滤波算法对横摆角速度传感器量测值进行...     

斜风下扁平箱形截面桥梁颤振性能风洞试验研究

扁平箱形截面桥梁的颤振临界风速与风偏角的关系明显地受到风攻角的影响。在0°风攻角情况下,扁平箱形截面流线性好,其颤振性能与平板接近,颤振临界风速随风偏角的增加而增加,用传统的平均风分解方法可以获得较好的结果;而对于非0°风攻角的情况,扁平箱形截面的流线性变差,随着风偏角的增加其颤振临界风速呈起伏变化,最低值一般在斜风的情况下出现,此时,传统的平均风分解方法不再适用。     

Integrated control of ground vehicles dynamics via advanced terminal sliding mode control

An integrated vehicle dynamics control (IVDC) algorithm, developed for improving vehicle handling and stability under critical lateral motions, is discussed in this paper. The IVDC system utilises integral and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control strategies and coordinates active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) systems. When the vehicle is in the normal driving situation, the AFS system provides handling enhancement. If the vehicle reaches its handling limit, both AFS and DYC are then integrated to ensure the vehicle stability. The major contribution of this paper is in improving the transient response of the vehicle yaw rate and sideslip angle tracking controllers by implementing advanced types of sliding mode strategies, namely integral terminal sliding mode and NFTSM, in the IVDC system. Simulation results demonstrate that the developed control algorithm for the IVDC system not only has strong robustness against uncertainties but also improves the transient response of the control system.     

基于MPC的分布式驱动越野车辆原地转向控制研究

针对轮毂电机分布式驱动越野车辆在狭小空间快速机动的需求,设计了一种分层结构的原地转向控制策略。基于动力学原理分析了各轮载荷、附着条件对原地转向横摆速度的影响机理,并搭建原地转向运动学模型,上层采用模型预测控制算法设计原地转向理想轨迹以及期望的横摆角速度,开发基于PI滑模控制的横摆运动跟踪算法,通过补偿转向横摆力矩以提高方向角控制的鲁棒性和稳定性,下层以最优轮胎利用率为目标,设计二次规划算法优化分配各轮附加横摆力矩。dSPACE硬件在环测试结果表明,所提出的控制算法可在保证稳定性的前提下实现原地转向,大幅提高了车辆的转向机动性,在方向盘动态输入仿真中,车辆最大转弯半径为0.157 m,转向中心的最大偏移量为3.610 m;同时,驾驶员能对转向过程进行闭环控制,实现了原地转向过程中横摆速度的实时调节。     

车辆稳定性控制策略研究

以滑模控制、线性二次型最优控制以及PID控制三种控制理论为基础,运用不同的控制策略,基于直接横摆力矩控制方法,设计了车辆稳定性控制器,并进行了控制效果的仿真分析和比较。就控制策略而言,单独控制质心侧偏角、以及对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度进行联合控制,在车辆运行的大多数工况下,控制效果要优于单独控制横摆角速度;就控制理论而言,滑模控制具有较强的鲁棒性和应用性。由于稳定性控制器应重点对低附着系数路面上的车辆进行控制,针对研究对象的运行工况,滑模控制下的质心侧偏角控制和联合控制策略具有明显的优越性。     

机车径向转向架的稳定性分析

为了解径向机构对径向转向架临界速度的影响,在分析径向转向架结构的基础上,建立轮对的运动微分方程。通过动力学仿真的方法,在频域和时域里分析径向导向机构对轮对振动的影响。研究结果表明,径向机构通过耦合同一转向架端轴轮对的摇头运动,可实现轮对摇头刚度的非对称,增大轮对的同相摇头刚度;径向机构激发转向架的反相蛇行振动模态,并且使轮对的振动模态向增大阻尼的方向移动,在一定程度上提高了转向架的稳定性;在悬挂参数相同的情况下,径向机构提高了60%的非线性临界速度。     

Chassis integrated control for active suspension,active front steering and direct yaw moment systems using hierarchical strategy

This paper proposes a novel integrated controller with three-layer hierarchical structure to coordinate the interactions among active suspension system (ASS), active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC). First of all, a 14-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vehicle dynamic model is constructed. Then, an upper layer is designed to calculate the total corrected moment for ASS and intermediate layer based on linear moment distribution. By considering the working regions of the AFS and DYC, the intermediate layer is functionalised to determine the trigger signal for the lower layer with corresponding weights. The lower layer is utilised to separately trace the desired value of each local controller and achieve the local control objectives of each subsystem. Simulation results show that the proposed three-layer hierarchical structure is effective in handling the working region of the AFS and DYC, while the quasi-experimental result shows that the proposed integrated controller is able to improve the lateral and vertical dynamics of the vehicle effectively as compared with a conventional electronic stability controller.