张集铁路旧堡隧道断层破碎带初期支护大变形原因分析及治理措施

旧堡隧道穿越太古代变质岩系,构造发育、岩体破碎,地质条件极差。隧道于DK28+380~DK29+630段穿过断层及其影响带,施工过程中多次发生溜渣突泥突水塌方并引起初支大变形,严重影响施工安全及工程进度。结合该段地质条件,从围岩岩性特点、岩体结构特征、多期构造运动叠加及地下水共同作用等几个方面,探讨该隧道大变形的原因和机制,并阐述了后期施工中采取的加强结构支护、注浆加固、增设临挡护墙等处理对策,对类似工程地质条件地区隧道施工支护有一定的借鉴意义。     

溶洞区钻孔桩成孔施工关键技术

通过工程实践对福银高速邵三段下村特大桥石灰岩溶洞区桩基钻孔施工中遇到的一些问题加以探讨,可以加深和交流溶洞区钻孔桩成孔关键技术的认识,从中得到有益的参考和帮助.     

建成环境对城市停车需求影响的非线性模型

为精细化把握城市建设项目在微观空间尺度下的停车需求规律,从空间视角探究停车需求与建成环境之间的关系.通过高峰小时建筑物单位面积的停车生成数表征停车需求,以土地利用混合度、路网密度、公交服务水平等9个因子描述建成环境,分别构建建成环境对停车需求影响的普通最小二乘(Ordinary Least Squares,OLS)模型...     

成昆铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区模型试验研究北大核心

为研究铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区的受力形式,以成昆铁路金沙江大桥为工程背景,针对该桥采用的新型梁顶混凝土锚固构造,通过缩尺模型试验研究其在不同荷载下的应力分布和开裂特征。结果表明:在斜拉桥成桥恒载索力作用以及最不利荷载组合索力作用下,C7锚固块更容易发生破坏,将其作为试验构件开展缩尺模型试验,发现锚固块在不同张拉荷载作用下张拉至设计索力的过程中,应变增幅基本上线性增加,卸载后同样呈线性减小,说明混凝土受力处在线弹性阶段,且应力在规范要求范围内。在试验荷载加载至140%设计索力时,锚固块前端倒角位置开始出现细小裂纹且随荷载的增加不断开展。当荷载卸载至0时,之前出现的裂缝随荷载的减小逐渐闭合,宽度肉眼不可见,表明该构造能够满足正常使用要求且具备足够的安全储备。     

“s”型覆岩空间结构的冲击地压危险区预测

基于微地震监测和覆岩空间结构理论，以山东华丰矿1410工作面为例，分析了“s”型覆岩空间结构的形成，利用理论方法和微地震监测预测并圈定了华丰矿1410工作面发生冲击地压的危险区域，研究了“s”型覆岩空间结构的冲击地压危险区分布规律，为现场预测和控制冲击地压灾害提供了理论基础。     

Obsolete Maps and Coastal Management: Case Studies from Northwest Ireland

On dynamic coastal sites, subject to rapid and sometimes unpredictable shoreline changes, management problems can be aggravated if legally authoritative maps are obsolete. These difficulties are illustrated by two case studies from County Donegal in northwest Ireland. The first case study outlines the problems that arise where statutory functional area boundaries are based on a near century-old map. The second case study deals with the problems of planning development on a site where a customized map only a few years old has been rendered obsolete by rapid coastal erosion. Other problems are caused by the inappropriate use of maps. Suggestions are made to mitigate the effects of outdated maps.     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

The changes of neuronal activity of the zone incerta in a rodent model of Parkinson＇s disease

Objective To study the changes in neuronal activity of the zone incerta (ZI) following the unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Methods Eiectrophysiological recordings of ZI neurons were made in normal rats and in two groups of rats at different time intervals after injection of 6-hydrodopamine (6-OHDA) into the pars compacta of snbstantia nigra by extracellular recording in vivo. Results The results showed a significant increase in the mean firing rate of ZI during the second and fourth weeks after 6-OHDA lesion [-n=32, (3.6±2. 2)Hz, P<0.001; n=35, (9.3±6.6)Hz, P<0. 001, respectively] compared to that of normal rats [n=39, (9.2±5.2)Hz]. However, no significant change was observed between two groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. With regard to firing pattern, 7.7%(3/39) of ZI neurons discharged regularly, 82.1% (32/39) irregularly and 10. 3% (4/39) in bursts in normal rats. During the second week after 6-OHDA lesion, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons recorded in the ZI were 9.4% (3/32), 59. 4% (19/32) and 31.3% (10/32), and during fourth week, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons were 14.3% (5/35), 57.1% (20/35) and 28. 6% (10/35), respectively. The firing pattern of the neurons in the three different groups did not change significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that the firing rate of ZI neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats is increased significantly, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.     

大连市主城区停车分区供给策略研究

随着大连机动车保有量快速增长,城区规模不断扩大,主城区内停车问题逐渐凸显,且呈现出区域差别化的特点.在总结其他城市经验的基础上,结合大连城市发展现状及规划,划定停车分区,提出各分区停车设施供给策略,为大连城市未来停车系统的发展提供参考.     

三峡水利工程对库区消落带土地资源的影响及可持续利用探讨

三峡工程建成后将在库区两岸形成垂直落差为30m的永久性消落带,其最大出露面积可达1.1×104km2.可持续利用消落区内土地资源对于缓解人地矛盾和改善库区生态环境都具有积极意义.总结出三峡库区消落带土地整理和可持续利用的四种模式:工程防护模式、季节性农耕模式、防护林模式和植被重建模式.