探析我国铁路货车焊缝性能评定标准的应用与拓展

介绍我国铁路货车现行的焊缝性能评定标准的执行情况,对比分析焊缝性能评定、焊缝缺陷质量等级和图样标注等方面与新的国家标准的差异,在建议尽快贯彻新的国家标准的同时,结合我国铁路货车设计制造的实际情况,提出可拓展的内容和举措。     

Regulatory reform and freight mode choice

Reform of trucking Vehicle Weights and Dimensions (VWD) regulations in Canada is now underway. The effect these reforms will have on the freight transportation industry are only recently the subject of research. This paper is part of this new research effort, aimed at understanding how regulatory reform in the trucking sector will affect the existing competitive relationship between trucks and the railways. The paper presents the results of study and research into modelling the relationship between mode choice and the service characteristics that are affected by VWD reform.Using several periods of data, a series of econometric models are developed which help to elucidate the relative relationships between the mode service characteristics for both of the principal interprovincial freight modes. A technique is developed and presented to model railway user costs in order to overcome the complex and often unrepresentable pricing activities of Canadian railways.The strength of the developed econometric models is presented, including their significance and statistical reliability. This is further reinforced by the similarities exhibited by all the models in the series. The selected model is applied to predict market service responses required of the railway industry in order to compete with the trucking sector now adapting to the new regulations.The impact of the newly implemented vehicle weight and dimension reform on the rail transportation industry is analyzed and railway industry improvements aimed at maintaining its market share are presented. The results predicted by the model show that railway user cost reductions should be moderate, and likely less than the level of inflation over the period of time when trucking converts its fleet to take advantage of the new regulations.Abbreviations AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - CCMTA Canadian Conference of Motor Transport Administrators - EPI End products, inedible commodity classification - GVW Gross Vehicle Weight - NA 1988 VWD National Agreement - RTAC Roads and Transportation Association of Canada - VWD Vehicle Weight(s) and Dimension(s) - WA 1988 VWD Western Agreement     

基于分级节点的高速铁路货运动车组开行研究

“八纵八横”高速铁路网货运节点可以利用聚类分析法,依据货运总量、GDP、人口、社会消费品零售总额、快递业务量、线路连接数、城市类别和节点类别等指标划分为4个等级。基于灰色系统预测模型,预测2025年高速铁路货运量,构建数学模型计算保本货运量。依据节点划分、货运量预测、保本货运量结果,计算各等级节点中盈利OD所占的比例,结合日均OD量,分析各等级节点间开办高速铁路货运的可行性。研究表明,在一级节点之间可以开行高速铁路货运动车组专列,在二级节点之间可以开行客货联挂动车组,三、四级节点可以采用捎带运输的方式。     

桂林市道路货运业向现代物流发展的对策研究

文章基于桂林市道路货运市场现状,分析了当前桂林市道路货运行业发展中存在的问题,提出了加强道路货运行业管理、推进现代物流产业发展的思路与对策。     

Competitiveness and macroeconomic impacts of reduced wait times at U.S. land freight border crossings

We analyze the macroeconomic and trade impacts of reducing wait times by adding one customs officer at each of the twelve major land freight crossings of the U.S. The change in wait time stemming from staffing changes is first estimated on the basis of primary data and then translated into changes in freight costs through a logistical model. The transportation cost changes are then fed into a multi-country computable general equilibrium model. We find that adding one customs officer at each land border crossing would, on average per crossing, generate an increase in U.S. GDP of $350 thousand and 3.58 additional jobs.     

雪峰山公路隧道围岩类别动态变化分析及治理措施

高速公路隧道施工过程中,无论是采用弹性波波速还是隶属函数法进行分类,围岩均可归为Ⅳ、Ⅴ类。然而,由于施工方法不当、支护强度不足或支护不及时等原因,会造成围岩类别的降低。文章分析了这种围岩类别动态变化的成因,提出了识别围岩类别变化处的地质体特征及治理措施。此技术运用于高速公路雪峰山隧道施工中,有效地预防了这类围岩类别变化的灾害发生,有益于隧道的安全施工。     

列车基本阻力的思考

文章从分析列车气动阻力入手，结合现有试验数据，建立了我国铁路货车、客车及机车的单位基本阻力系列试用公式，经与《列车牵引诸规程》公式以及国外相关公式进行比较后，认为这种分析一试验型公式比纯试验型公式更为合理而有效。此外，作者还提出加强列车牵引理论和应用的基础性研究等建议。     

超限严格管制下公路货运运力结构预测研究

针对传统的超限运输运力结构预测模型中,将车辆超限部分轴载转化为同一车型满轴载通过假设的不足,本文基于运力均衡的思想建立了超限严格管制下公路货运运力结构预测模型。在轴载调查的基础上,模型以单车装载量的累积概率分布需同单位货物重量的累积概率分布相一致为求解目标,推测了各轴型车辆总重谱的偏移情况,进而对超限管制变动下的公路货运车型结构及运量结构进行预测。模型在公路安徽世行项目II———超载运输研究中的使用结果表明,在超限运输严格管制条件下,2-S2将取代SU2成为公路货运的主力车型。     

CubeCargo软件应用于货运交通规划的研究

随着现代物流的发展，国际和国内的货运需求均呈现快速增长的形势，对传统货运交通规划工作提出了新的挑战。与客运交通规划相比，货运交通规划具有不少鲜明的特点，专门针对货运交通规划的分析工具也很少。为此，在分析了基于车辆和基于货物两类货运交通规划方法的流程和优缺点的基础上，提出基于货物的货运交通规划方法更有优势。通过示例，探讨了如何运用CubeCargo软件开展基于货物的货运交通规划，实现货运发生和吸引、货运分布、货运方式划分、货运交通分配的预测工作。