北美铁路降低轮轨接触应力新进展

介绍了北美铁路在降低轮轨接触应力和轮轨作用力方面的研究成果.     

Optimal bus fleet management strategy for emissions reduction

Transportation is a major cause for environmental degradation via exhaust emissions. For many transit-oriented metropolitan areas, bus trips often constitute a sizeable mode share. Managing the bus fleet, in particular updating buses to comply with the newer emissions standards, therefore, can have a substantial impact on transportation-induced air quality. This paper presents the approach of remaining life additional benefit–cost (RLABC) analysis for maximising the total net benefit by either early-retiring or retrofitting the current bus fleet within their lifespans. By referring to the net benefits for different bus types estimated by RLABC analysis, the most beneficial management scheme for the current bus fleet can be identified. Optimal bus fleet management (BFM) models based on the RLABC analysis for the operator and the government are developed. Then a government subsidy plan is produced to achieve win–win solutions, which will offer efficient and flexible management schemes. To illustrate the approach, the largest bus company in Hong Kong, which carries more than 23% of the total trips in Hong Kong, is taken as a case study example. Instead of adopting a fixed retirement plan, such as replacing buses at the age of 17 as is currently practised, the proposed method develops an optimal BFM scheme that progressively phases out buses or retrofits them. This study produces promising results to demonstrate the large benefit of this approach for optimal bus fleet management.     

部分剪力连接钢-混凝土组合梁附加变形计算

本文在滑移应变微分方程的基础上 ,建立部分剪力连接钢 -混凝土简支组合梁由滑移引起的附加变形方程及组合梁变形计算的一般公式 ,得到了部分剪力连接简支组合梁的附加变形和变形与剪力连接程度系数之间的关系与规律 ,公式简单实用     

散装水泥船水泥滑移附加倾侧力臂分析

散装水泥的颗粒大小、堆装形式和休止角等与普通大宗散货（如煤、黄砂、砂石等）不同,其滑移特性对稳性存在不利影响。对散装水泥船的水泥滑移进行了研究,提出了滑移附加倾侧力臂计算方法,为保障内河散装水泥船的稳性安全提供了确实可行的方法。     

附连水对基座机械输入阻抗影响研究

基于理论公式和有限元方法,研究附连水对设备基座机械输入阻抗的影响。根据船体结构在不同的频段内的特性,采用两种简化模型重点研究低频段和中频段里基座的输入阻抗特性。结果显示,当激励频率很低时,船体外附连水对基座机械输入阻抗影响很大,附连水质量越大输入阻抗越大;随着频率的升高,附连水对输入阻抗的影响逐渐变小。     

船体影响下舵附推力鳍的节能效果研究

通过 CFD方法实现船舶自航试验模拟,计算在船体影响下舵附推力鳍可带来2.3%左右的节能效果,分析指出舵附推力鳍通过吸收螺旋桨尾流能量,增加螺旋桨推力,改善船尾伴流,降低船身阻力的节能原理。计算敞水状态下桨/舵/舵附推力鳍系统的推进性能,并与船体影响下的推进性能进行比较,指出敞水状态下舵附推力鳍的工作状态与在船体影响下有着较大不同,为设计人员提供基础参考。     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

制挠工况下高铁大跨连续梁桥上无砟轨道受力研究

为探明高速铁路长联大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSII型板式无砟轨道制挠工况下受力特性,选取某高铁跨径(60+3×100+60)m的连续梁桥为工程实例,建立考虑梁轨各构件的空间有限元模型,计算分析单侧制挠工况下各层轨道结构纵向附加力分布规律;分析轨道关键结构参数变化对其纵向附加力影响规律,研究结果表明:在单侧制挠工况下,钢轨纵向附加力最大值出现位置随着加载区域的变化而变化,最大附加拉力及附加压力分别出现在加载区域后端点、前端点;轨道板和底座板纵向附加力分布趋势一致;3层轨道结构中,轨道板在制挠工况下纵向附加力最大;连续梁固定支座右侧300 m范围加载制动力为轨道结构相对最不利工况;道床板伸缩刚度以及滑动层摩擦因数对轨道结构附加力影响较大;CA砂浆层对轨道结构附加力影响较小;建议增大大跨连续梁两端无砟轨道结构强度,改进CRTSII无砟轨道CA砂浆层的设置。     

船舶制冷系统的清洁船舶标志应用

介绍了法国船级社规范中有关船舶制冷系统的附加环保标志CLEANSHIP(清洁船舶)的内容,以及在某型化学品船上实施的情况。对中央空调和冷藏设备的制冷剂选用、回收再利用和泄漏报警等方面作了论述,为后续新船设计和建造提供了借鉴。     

中长周期波浪条件下船舶航迹带宽度研究

针对现行《海港总平面设计规范》中航迹带宽度计算在中长周期波浪条件下存在的不足,对比分析国外航道规范中的研究成果,并通过船舶操纵模拟试验等技术手段,运用船舶外缘包络线法统计分析了不同航速、不同吨级的散货船在各种中长周期波工况下的航迹带宽度,给出了中长周期波浪条件下的波浪附加宽度参考值,并与国外规范中的设计取值进行了对比.