IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR AND C－erbB－2 ONCOGENE PRODUCT IN DEVELOPING HUMAN PLACEN

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城市公共交通多元票制初探

借鉴国外先进经验,引进多元化公交票制是国内推进公交优先发展的重要措施.多元票制,即将乘客进行科学的分类,根据乘客的出行需求,设置不同种类的车票,以提高公交吸引力.就国内公交发展现状来看,换乘优惠的票制改革是推广多元票制的最佳切入点.     

Evolution of latent modal captivity and mode choice patterns for commuting trips: A longitudinal analysis using repeated cross-sectional datasets

This paper presents an investigation of the temporal evolution of commuting mode choice preference structures. It contributes to two specific modelling issues: latent modal captivity and working with multiple repeated crossectional datasets. In this paper latent modal captivity refers to captive reliance on a specific mode rather than all feasible modes. Three household travel survey datasets collected in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) over a ten-year time period are used for empirical modelling. Datasets collected in different years are pooled and separate year-specific scale parameters and coefficients of key variables are estimated for different years. The empirical model clearly explains that there have been significant changes in latent modal captivity and the mode choice preference structures for commuting in the GTHA. Changes have occurred in the unexplained component of latent captivities, in transportation cost perceptions, and in the scales of commuting mode choice preferences. The empirical model also demonstrates that pooling multiple repeated cross-sectional datasets is an efficient way of capturing behavioural changes over time. Application of the proposed mode choice model for practical policy analysis and forecasting will ensure accurate forecasting and an enhanced understanding of policy impacts.     

Evolution of the household vehicle fleet: Anticipating fleet composition, PHEV adoption and GHG emissions in Austin, Texas

In today’s world of volatile fuel prices and climate concerns, there is little study on the relationship between vehicle ownership patterns and attitudes toward vehicle cost (including fuel prices and feebates) and vehicle technologies. This work provides new data on ownership decisions and owner preferences under various scenarios, coupled with calibrated models to microsimulate Austin’s personal-fleet evolution.Opinion survey results suggest that most Austinites (63%, population-corrected share) support a feebate policy to favor more fuel efficient vehicles. Top purchase criteria are price, type/class, and fuel economy. Most (56%) respondents also indicated that they would consider purchasing a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) if it were to cost $6000 more than its conventional, gasoline-powered counterpart. And many respond strongly to signals on the external (health and climate) costs of a vehicle’s emissions, more strongly than they respond to information on fuel cost savings.Twenty five-year simulations of Austin’s household vehicle fleet suggest that, under all scenarios modeled, Austin’s vehicle usage levels (measured in total vehicle miles traveled or VMT) are predicted to increase overall, along with average vehicle ownership levels (both per household and per capita). Under a feebate, HEVs, PHEVs and Smart Cars are estimated to represent 25% of the fleet’s VMT by simulation year 25; this scenario is predicted to raise total regional VMT slightly (just 2.32%, by simulation year 25), relative to the trend scenario, while reducing CO₂ emissions only slightly (by 5.62%, relative to trend). Doubling the trend-case gas price to $5/gallon is simulated to reduce the year-25 vehicle use levels by 24% and CO₂ emissions by 30% (relative to trend).Two- and three-vehicle households are simulated to be the highest adopters of HEVs and PHEVs across all scenarios. The combined share of vans, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and cross-over utility vehicles (CUVs) is lowest under the feebate scenario, at 35% (versus 47% in Austin’s current household fleet). Feebate-policy receipts are forecasted to exceed rebates in each simulation year.In the longer term, gas price dynamics, tax incentives, feebates and purchase prices along with new technologies, government-industry partnerships, and more accurate information on range and recharging times (which increase customer confidence in EV technologies) should have added effects on energy dependence and greenhouse gas emissions.     

Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for advanced vehicle technology options and fuel types

The automotive industry is witnessing a revolution with the advent of advanced vehicular technologies, smart vehicle options, and fuel alternatives. However, there is very limited research on consumer preferences for such advanced vehicular technologies. The deployment and penetration of advanced vehicular technologies in the marketplace, and planning for possible market adoption scenarios, calls for the collection and analysis of consumer preference data related to these emerging technologies. This study aims to address this need, offering a detailed analysis of consumer preference for alternative fuel types and technology options using data collected in stated choice experiments conducted on a sample of consumers from six metropolitan cities in South Korea. The results indicate that there is considerable heterogeneity in consumer preferences for various smart technology options such as wireless internet, vehicle connectivity, and voice command features, but relatively less heterogeneity in the preference for smart vehicle applications such as real-time traveler information on parking and traffic conditions.     

基于决策偏好的ETC系统评价指标体系及评价方法

为更好地反映不同决策者对电子收费系统（ETC）评价的偏好,从政府、运营者和付费者三个主要利益主体的角度对ETC系统的评价指标及评价方法进行了研究。根据评价指标体系筛选原则,确定了基于决策偏好的ETC系统评价指标体系;通过综合分析成本-效益法（CBA）和数据包络分析法（DEA）的各自特点,依据基于决策偏好所确定的评价指标,同时引入当前一些比较好的算法来优化CBA,DEA和AHP法,建立数学模型,从而确立了基于决策偏好的综合评价方法。该方法较为全面地对ETC系统社会经济影响进行评价,所建立的指标体系和方法能更直观、更可靠地反映出决策者的决策偏好。     

高速路节日免费通行对小汽车出行者选择行为影响研究

出行成本是出行者在选择出行方式时的重要考虑因素。随着我国高速公路网和收费政策的逐步完善,自驾已成为出行者考虑选择的主要出行方式。为研究节日里选择小汽车出行的用户特征及影响因素,通过意向调查的方式对小汽车出行者的偏好进行调查。应用二项Logit模型建模分析,结果显示个人属性、出行属性以及出行环境等都在不同程度上影响出行者的节日出行选择行为,其中小汽车拥有状况、驾龄、旅行时间、出行者在以往节日里选择的出行方式、通行费、线路熟悉程度等对节日出行行为影响较为显著,该研究成果在交通预测、交通管控等方面具有指导性作用。     

投资者风险投资行为选择

为更好地指导投资者,从行为金融学的角度,通过对投资者的风险规避效用曲线、期望效用、投资净现值和投资机会成本的分析,探讨了投资者风险态度的界定、阶段性投资工具配置、投资决策中机会成本的把握和投资期权的运用等影响投资者风险投资行为选择的因素.研究表明:投资者的风险偏好直接影响其对风险性收益的追求,并反映了投资者承受风险的心理临界;随着风险企业的发展,投资者以股权、债权的投资分别有减少、增加的趋势;在风险企业(项目)单位产出价格不变的前提下,投资者保持还是行使期权执行权力,取决于投资机会成本与净投资收益比较的高低;反之,投资等待还是加大投资的趋向将随单位产出价格的降低或提高而增强.     

宏观调控对我国工程机械行业的积极意义和作用

宏观调控是促进我国国民经济和工程机械行业健康发展的必要措施,而宏观调控对工程机械行业中部分机种有冲击、有影响也是必然的。应对我国工程机械行业中薄弱环节进行反思和调整,探讨行业发展规律,提高有关企业的整体素质,为工程机械行业的进一步健康发展打下坚实的基础。     

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优先发展公共交通,提高公交运行效率,不仅是缓解城市交通拥堵的有效措施,也是调整城市交通出行结构、改善城市人居环境、促进城市可持续发展的必然要求. 为制定科学、合理的公交票价政策,引导大众选择公共交通方式出行,以成都市为背景,采用问卷调查方法对不同出行者、不同票制、不同票价、不同换乘费用进行意愿调查,得到最大满意度票价;基于调查数据,进行供求曲线分析,提出以最适票价满意度作为供求平衡点;通过票价意愿曲线,进行客流、票价间敏感性分析,得到不同出行者票价梯度变化规律. 本研究可为公交分担率提升,合理票制票价的制定提供依据.