高职数学课堂教学的整体设计

本文通过对高等职业教育的分析,结合数学教学的特点及其在高职教育中的地位和作用,制定了数学课堂教学的原则和数学课堂教学的整体设计,对于高职数学课堂教学具有一定的指导意义。     

糖皮质激素预处理对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨糖皮质激素对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法 将18只家兔应用冠状动脉左前降支结扎术造成心肌缺血模型,随机分成3组:心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型组(模型组)、糖皮质激素一次大剂量保护组(大剂量组)以及糖皮质激素多次小剂量保护组(小剂量组),每组6只.应用BL-420生物信号采集系统观察记录心电图ST段改变,分别在缺血前、缺血15 min以及再灌注30 min取血测定血浆丙二醛(MDA)浓度;缺血区心肌标本制作冰冻切片,行组织化学染色,观察缺血区琥珀酸脱氢酶活性变化.结果 糖皮质激素的大、小剂量保护组再灌注过程中ST段恢复的时间较短,快于模型组;大剂量组血清MDA水平低于小剂量组(P<0.05),且两组均低于模型组(P<0.01);大剂量组缺血心肌琥珀酸脱氢酶活性高于小剂量组,且两组均明显高于模型组.结论 糖皮质激素对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤可以起到有效的保护作用,一次大剂量的治疗保护效果要好于多次小剂量.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group (SO group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (UTI group). Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfasion after 30 min of ischemia. In UTI group, UTI (2×104 U/kg) was administered to rats 30 min before modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group (P<0.05). The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group (P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical, and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfasion injury.     

对隧道“零开挖”进洞方案的再认识

阿尔及利亚东西高速公路按法国规范进行设计,法国隧道专家提出了大开挖进洞方案,这与近年国内公认的基于环境保护的"零开挖"进洞方案在解决问题的思路上有较大出入.该文就两种进洞方案在东西高速公路项目中的应用情况及各自的使用条件进行了简单对比分析,期望能开拓进洞方案设计思路,避免千篇一律.     

雪峰山特长铁路隧道不良地质风险再评估与风险动态管理

铁路隧道工程发生各类风险的概率较其他工程高,且一旦发生,造成的损失巨大。作为对隧道风险控制最有效、最经济、最稳妥、最安全的管理方法--隧道风险再评估与动态管理逐渐被人们所认同、接受,但是该方法作为一项新兴领域至今还没有得到普及。如何对隧道进行风险再评估,如何对隧道风险进行动态管理,结合雪峰山特长隧道一个工区的不良地质风险管理的成功经验进行总结,以期为其他同类工程提供有益借鉴。     

浅论圆梁山隧道TSP地质预报技术

介绍渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道施工过程中采用综合地质预报相互印证和补充。并以TSP地质预报技术作为主要预报手段并进行了75次的试验,在隧道施工中起到了重要作用,也积累了不少的经验和教训,本文还介绍了地质预报所取得的成果以及笔者对TSP地质预报技术的认识。     

应用荧光偏振技术研究缺氧再灌注培养血管内皮细胞膜流动性

目的　定量研究缺氧再灌注状态下血管内皮细胞膜流动性。方法　采用荧光偏振法对缺氧再灌注动物模型的培养血管内皮细胞的荧光特征光谱进行对比实验分析 ,并定量观测了缺氧再灌注对培养血管内皮细胞膜流动性的影响以及FDP和CAP的保护功能。结果　缺氧和再灌注不同时段内 ,DPH标记的血管内皮细胞的荧光光谱没有实质性改变 ,荧光强度的曲线斜率变化与对照组趋于一致 ,缺氧再灌注损伤可导致血管内皮细胞膜的荧光各向异性值降低 ,FDP和CAP对缺氧状态的培养血管内皮细胞有显著的保护作用。结论　荧光偏振技术是一种高灵敏和稳定的定量研究血管内皮细胞膜流动性的方法。     

大直径（φ8840mm）盾构负环管片吊装孔封堵再利用施工技术

为解决大直径盾构隧道负环管片因受吊装孔洞影响而无法重复利用的问题,从盾构隧道施工成本控制层面,提出集约型始发及掘进施工技术,为降低工程的施工成本以及保障工程质量提供支撑。     

高速公路二灰碎石废料的再利用

通过对高速公路大修废弃的二灰碎石废料（铣刨法破除旧路面材料）进行室内试验和试验结果分析,以确定其性能能否满足各级公路基层及底基层的技术指标要求,并寻找其最佳应用途径。结合国道324线山东境内齐河段改建工程的实际情况,提出合理的基层施工配合比,取得了较好的应用效果,为二灰碎石废料的大面积推广利用提供指导。