平头方尾运输船舶开槽减阻研究

传统的平头方尾型运输船舶具有载重大、吃水浅的优点,但航行阻力大,航速低。本文针对该船型开展了开槽减阻的研究,通过在船底开设纵向槽道对艏部高压区进行引流减阻,来实现该船型高航速运输的要求。船体流场及阻力采用RANS方法进行数值模拟,并计及航行姿态的变化。通过改变槽道长度、宽度以及槽道顶板的形状,研究了减阻效果与槽道几何尺度的关系。针对某型船船的研究表明,船底槽道的引流量是影响减阻效果的主要因素,当采用纵向贯穿的槽道,且槽道顶板的折角点设在船中时,可使原船30节时的减阻率达到24%以上。     

Application of Lead Viscoelastic Dampers to Wind Vibration Control on Big-Span Power Transmission Tower

To study the wind vibration response of power transmission tower, the lead viscoelastic dampers (LVDs) were applied to a cup tower. With time history analysis method, the displacement, velocity, acceleration and force response of the tower was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the control effect of lead viscoelastic dampers is very good, and the damping ratio can reach 20% or more when they are applied to the tower head.     

船舶薄层气膜减阻技术的试验和应用

作者自１９８２年起研究薄层气膜形成规律和船舶薄层气膜减阻技术,利用该技术能有效形成船底薄层空气膜,使船舶减阻１５～３０％「１,２」。本文介绍了船舶薄层气膜减阻技术的模型试验研究和１０００ｔ甲板驳应用薄层气膜技术的实船试验结果「３」。     

高速列车流线型转向架与底部导流板的气动减阻效果研究

为适应高速列车进一步提速的更低气动阻力实际需求,针对CR400AF型高速列车动车转向架和带头型简化车体,应用底部流动导向控制思想,采用附加轻质易造型材料包覆原有部件的理念,开展转向架各部件流线型化和车体底部导流板综合减阻效果的验证试验与数值仿真研究。验证试验选择有无导流板的流线型转向架带简化车体模型,在3种试验速度工况下阻力试验值与仿真值误差均少于10%,验证了数值仿真的可靠性,带导流板试验模型较不带导流板试验模型均有减阻。数值仿真研究运用Realizable k-ε湍流模型,采用切割体笛卡尔网格划分技术,并在边界层内采用棱柱层网格,控制第1层网格的厚度,确保y+值能满足壁面函数要求。经稳态明线运行的仿真模拟网格无关性检验后,探究了流线型动车转向架与导流板组合运用的气动减阻特性及效果。对比了流线型动车转向架与安装导流板前后动车转向架、简化车体以及转向架舱上的阻力变化情况和压力分布变化情况,分析了转向架区域的流场结构变化。数值仿真结果表明：流线型设计的动车转向架相较于原始动车转向架有一定的减阻效果,在400 km/h的运行速度下减阻率达到1.08%。流线型设计动车转向架与导流板组合运用后...     

复杂沿湖地质超深覆土超大口径超长曲线顶管施工技术研究

因顶进阻力大、穿越地层复杂等因素,大管径长距离顶管施工控制难度大。依托海绵城市建设综合达标工程项目,针对沿湖地质超深覆土超大口径超长曲线顶管施工,研发了高效携砂剂润滑减阻泥浆自动压注和排泥管一管两用纠偏技术。前者通过泥浆内掺携砂剂,有效降低了长距离顶进阻力;后者可根据需要灵活调节压力,精度可控,兼具抽排水功能的同时实现了管外主动加卸载,有效防止顶管机头载头或上浮。     

仿生非光滑沟槽轮胎抗滑水性能研究

基于仿生非光滑减阻理念,选择鲨鱼皮表面鳞盾沟槽作为研究对象,将仿生非光滑结构应用于复杂轮胎花纹沟底,在不改变轮胎其他性能的前提下提高轮胎抗滑水性能.以185/60 R15轮胎为例,运用计算流体力学方法,分析了3种仿生非光滑沟槽在不同水流速度下的减阻及抗滑水性能,进一步研究其减阻机理,并将优选结构应用到轮胎花纹沟底部.结...     

Histological changes following surgically-assisted rapid tooth movement through resistance reduction and distraction osteogenesis in dogs

Objective To investigate the histological changes of rapid tooth movement in dogs treated by resistance reduction and distraction osteogenesis, aiming to establish an animal model and further to reveal the remodeling mechanism of rapid tooth movement. Methods A total of 8 local hybrid dogs were selected as subjects for this study. The second pre-molar was extracted on both sides. The experimental side underwent alvelor surgery for resistance reduction and a home-made tooth-borne intraoral distraction device was installed for rapid tooth movement, while for the other side (control side) only tooth-borne intraoral distraction device was used for rapid tooth movement. The longest active force-delivery span was 2 weeks, followed by 6-week retention. The distance between the moved tooth and anchor unit was recorded weekly, and radiography was performed for each side before and after distraction. The surrounding tissues including periodontal ligament and alveolar bone were sectioned for histological analysis. Results The average distance of tooth movement was 3.55mm on the experimental side and 1.11mm on the control side. The rate of tooth movement was notably higher (P<0.01) and no significant apical root resorption was detected by X-ray on the experimental side. The active alvelor bone remodeling was found on the tension and pressure sides. However, there was no significant difference between the experimental side and the control side after the retention period. Conclusion The rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be accelerated through resistance reduction and periodontal distraction without any unfavorable effects but at minimal anchorage loss.     

潜器的随行波减阻降噪贴敷层

21世纪,随着沿海战战略思想的强化,国际上正在加强各种水下航行器壳体贴敷层的研究。本文给出硬质随行波减阻降噪贴敷层的几何参数设计及原理。     

鲸豚表皮微尺度柔性变形的减阻原理研究

鲸豚类海洋高速动物具有突出的低阻高效游动能力,一直是仿生学的重要研究对象.为了探索柔性表皮减阻的可行性,在参考国外关于活体齿鲸类海洋动物表皮观测结果的基础上,本文采用RANS方法和动网格技术建立了仿生表皮微尺度柔性变形的数值模拟方法.文中对不同柔性变形的仿生表皮,以及刚性波面、刚性平板开展了对比数值计算,详细对比了流场和阻力成分,并重点分析了减阻原理.研究表明,随行波柔性表皮在波速高到一定程度时可实现明显减阻.     

气膜减阻快艇的研究

利用船底薄层气膜减阻技术 ,可提高快艇的水动力性能 ,提高船舶航速。模型试验表明 ,气膜减阻快艇的水动力性能已明显超过侧壁式双体气垫船 ,是一种投资低 ,见效大的节能新船型