整车多轮动载作用下沥青路面动力响应

车辆荷载作用下沥青路面各结构层受力复杂,现行公路沥青路面设计规范未能考虑车辆振动特性和橡胶轮胎非线性。为研究整车多轮动载作用下沥青路面动力响应,基于车辆动力学、橡胶材料超弹性及沥青路面黏弹性理论,构建整车-橡胶轮胎-沥青路面三维有限元模型,与实际车-路现场测量比较验证本模型的可靠性,对比分析无路面不平度与B级路面不平度激励下,路面各结构层动力响应。结果表明：通过与实际车-路测量结果比较,沥青层底部纵向最大剪应变与实测值误差为5.889%,表明该车-路动力学模型可靠、合理;B级路面不平度激励下,后轴左单轮接地法向力为0~86.526 kN,车体法向振动加速度为-0.451~0.372 m·s^-2,后轴左悬架弹力为60.376~68.42 kN;与无路面不平度相比,后轴左单轮最大接地法向力、车体最大法向加速度、后轴左悬架最大弹力分别增加113%、402.7%、7.4%;与无路面不平度相比,沥青路面上、中、下面层纵向最大压应力分别增加18.91%、12.4%、21.1%,纵向最大拉应力分别增加3.94%、6.25%、33.3%;横向最大压应力分别增加10.43%、8.47%、9.19%,横向最大拉应力分别增加12.19%、13.08%、33.33%,且压应力数值远大于拉应力;竖向最大压应力分别增加19.1%、19.35%、20.07%,竖向最大拉应力分别增加26.93%、7.38%、6.2%,且前轮压应力大于中、后轮压应力。以上数据说明路面不平度对结构层响应影响较大,车辆振动特性及橡胶轮胎与路面非线性接触不容忽略。     

细粒土路基平衡密度状态分析

为掌握细粒土路基的平衡密度状态及其变化原因,统计分析9条高速公路路床顶部的压实度和含水率检测资料,对3条黄泛区高速公路路基的压实度、含水率以及1条高速公路的路基模量进行全断面深度检测,并开展非饱和细粒土的湿化试验和弹性恢复试验。现场实测发现：在役路基除了实测含水率较最佳含水率有0~13.8%的增加外,相应的压实度出现了0~10%的线性衰减;其中,路床区、上路堤以及受水位波动影响较大的路基底部的压实度降低十分明显,而下路堤上部区域压实度基本维持不变甚至有所增大;路基压实度的变化与土的含水率密切相关。非饱和土三轴试验结果表明：土体湿化过程中,吸水导致体积膨胀和压实度衰减;当路床土吸湿至平衡湿度（含水率为18%）时,土体压实度降低5.07%。弹性恢复试验结果表明：压实路基土因变形恢复导致路基密度衰减;低含水率、高压实度和低上覆荷载条件下的弹性恢复较大,压实路床土弹性恢复导致的压实度降低值最大为0.5%;综合湿化和弹性恢复结果来看,两者占黄泛区路床区压实度衰减总量（约7%）的79.6%;此外,路基剪切模量的原位实测值较相同物理状态下的室内重塑土结果平均高出了60.64%,表明运营多年的高速公路路基土具有一定的结构性。因此,既有路基的评价应该同时考虑路基湿度增加、密度降低以及土体结构性等综合因素。     

废食用油预脱硫胶粉改性沥青组分与黏弹性研究（双语出版）

为研究废食用油预脱硫胶粉（WRO）对沥青组分及黏弹性的影响,在不同掺量、加工温度和加工时间下分别制备了15组废食用油预脱硫胶粉改性沥青（WROMA）。基于四组分试验、DSR时间扫描试验、多应力蠕变回复试验分析了沥青组分及黏弹性变化的规律。结果表明：在组分方面,WRO中的橡胶烃主要补充沥青质,油分大部分补充饱和分,少部分补充芳香分;加工工艺与改性沥青中饱和分和胶质的含量线性相关性较弱,与芳香分及沥青质的含量线性相关性很强,且芳香分与沥青质含量主要受WRO掺量影响。在黏弹性方面,WRO掺量增加,改性沥青高温黏性降低,弹性增加。为保证改性沥青获得足够的高温弹性,WRO最佳掺量为30%,加工温度为160℃、加工时间为2 h。综合组分与黏弹性的分析结果可知：芳香分是影响WROMA高温黏性的主导因素,其含量越高沥青黏性越明显;沥青质和WRO中的橡胶烃是影响WROMA高温弹性的主导因素,两者含量越高,改性沥青弹性越明显。     

瞬态瑞雷波在地层勘探中的应用

根据瞬态瑞雷波的传播特性和测试原理,使用振动及动态信号采集分析系统采集分析了测试工点的瑞雷波信号,并得到了测试工点的地层分布情况和各层的物理特性.     

A second order volume of fluid （VOF） scheme for numerical simulation of 2-D breaking waves

Among all environmental forces acting on ocean structures and marine vessels, those resulting from wave impacts are likely to yield the highest loads. Being highly nonlinear, transient and complex, a theoretical analysis of their impact would be impossible without numerical simulations. In this paper, a pressure-split two-stage numerical algorithm is proposed based on Volume Of Fluid (VOF) methodology. The algorithm is characterized by introduction of two pressures at each half and full cycle time step, and thus it is a second-order accurate algorithm in time. A simplified second-order Godunov-type solver is used for the continuity equations. The method is applied to simulation of breaking waves in a 2-D water tank, and a qualitative comparison with experimental photo observations is made. Quite consistent results are observed between simulations and experiments. Commercially available software and Boundary Integral Method (BIM) have also been used to simulate the same problem. The results from present code and BIM are in good agreement with respect to breaking location and timing, while the results obtained from the commercial software which is only first-order accurate in time has clearly showed a temporal and spatial lag, verifying the need to use a higher order numerical scheme.     

Using a SVM to evaluate damage to vibration isolators in an elastic raft system

Predicting damage to vibration isolators in a raft experiencing heavy shock loadings from explosions is an important task when designing a raft system. It is also vital to be able to research the vulnerability of heavily shocked floating rafts unreliable, especially when the allowable values The conventional approach to prediction has been or ultimate values of vibration isolators of supposedly uniform standard in a raft actually have differing and uncertain values due to defective workmanship. A new model for predicting damage to vibration isolators in a shocked floating raft system is presented in this paper. It is based on a support vector machine（SVM）, which uses Artificial Intelligence to characterize complicated nonlinear mapping between the impacting environment and damage to the vibration isolators. The effectiveness of the new method for predicting damage was illustrated by numerical simulations, and shown to be effective when relevant parameters of the model were chosen reasonably. The effect determining parameters, including kernel function and penalty factors, has on prediction results is also discussed. It can be concluded that the SVM will probably become a valid tool to study damage or vulnerability in a shocked raft system.     

钢轨波磨对车辆-轨道系统动力特性的影响

针对钢轨波磨对高速列车构架稳定性及轮轨接触力的影响问题,通过构建多体动力学仿真模型,以实测钢轨波磨为轨道激励,研究某型高速动车组以不同速度级通过波磨区段时车辆稳定性及轮轨接触动力特性和不同波深、波长、波深时变率对车辆系统振动响应的规律.研究结果表明:钢轨波磨磨深越大、车速越高、波深时变率越大则车辆构架稳定性越低,轮轨接...     

柱形弹性套胀紧联接试验研究

在柱形弹性套胀紧联接理论研究基础上,为了研究柱形弹性套上的螺栓拉力与柱形弹性套所能传递的最大扭矩之间的关系设计了一套试验方案。在自主开发的弹性套胀紧联接试验台上进行试验,用Matlab采集数据,根据试验结果,最终得到柱形弹性套的螺栓压力与最大传递扭矩之间的试验公式。