气相色谱法在牵引变压器故障分析中的应用

电力机车牵引变压器内部的变压器油和绝缘材料易受电场、热、湿度、氧等因素影响,分解出烃类、H2、CO和CO2等气体,且大多数气体溶于变压器油中。采用气相色谱法,通过采集变压器箱体内的少量油样,分析油中气体的组分及其含量,可以判断变压器是否存在故障、故障的性质以及故障部位,及时发现牵引变压器潜在故障,消除行车安全隐患。     

气相色谱法分析牵引变压器潜伏性故障

牵引变压器是电气化铁路的重要设备，供电段每年进行的预防性试验是保证其安全运行的重要措施。现有的预防性试验方法在一般情况下，不能在带电时有效地发现变压器内部的潜伏性故障。气体继电器也不能真正反映所出现的故障。甚至发生误动作。气相色谱法通过定性、定量分析变压器绝缘油中的气体来预测变压器的潜伏性故障，特别是过热性、电弧性和绝缘破坏性故障，不管故障发生在变压器的什么部位，都能很好地反映出来。深圳铁路供电段定期对牵引变压器绝绷油中的溶解气体进行色谱分析，并根据历次测试记录或重复取样试验的结果，考察了牵引就压器的产气率，特别是运用特征气体法、IEC三比值法，结合电气试验对牵引变压器内部是否存在故障或故障的严重性及其发展趋势作出估计，及时发现了一台牵引变压器铁芯多点接地故障，成功地避免了从电事故的发生。     

川芎药材活性部位的高效液相色谱指纹图谱定性分析方法

目的　建立川芎药材活性部位的指纹图谱 ,为其定性鉴别提供依据。方法　川芎药材经乙醇超声提取后 ,用醋酸乙酯萃取 ,采用ODS柱为分析柱 ,以甲醇 水 冰醋酸 (30∶70∶0 .5 )为流动相 ,在 2 76nm条件下进行分析 ,建立其指纹图谱。并对 7种不同来源的川芎药材进行高效液相色谱指纹图谱定性分析比较。结果　本研究建立的分析方法的精密度、重现性较好 ,以阿魏酸峰计 ,RSD分别为 1.6 8%和 1.0 4 % ;不同川芎药材指纹图谱中主要峰群的整体图貌基本一致 ,但各成分含量的相对比值有所不同 ,不同来源的川芎药材共有峰面积的比值及共有峰面积和均有一定的差异。结论　HPLC指纹图谱分析法可简便、快速地鉴别区分不同来源的川芎药材     

Effect of acidity of drugs on the prediction of human oral absorption by biopartitioning micellar chromatography

Biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) is a potentially high throughput and low cost alternative for in vitro prediction of drug absorption, which can mimic the drug partitioning process in biological systems. In this paper, a data set of 56 compounds representing acidic, basic, neutral and amphoteric drugs from various structure classes with human oral absorption (HOA) data available were employed to show the effect of acidity of drugs in oral absorption prediction. HOA was reciprocally correlated to the negative value of the capacity factor (kBMC) determined by BMC at pH 7.4 and 6.5. The relationships between kBMC and the corresponding HOA values of all compounds were rather poor, but the correlations were improved when the acidity of drugs was taken into consideration. Moreover, the proposed models allowed obtaining of good predictive values for both highly and poorly absorbed compounds. It is demonstrated that the constructed models derived from compounds with the same kind of charge property are of more practically meaningful and rigorous.     

大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定蔬菜水果中农药残留量

用大口径毛细管柱为分离柱，测定蔬菜、水果中有机磷农药残留量。试验结果：有机磷农药回收率为84.1%-101.8%，最低检出浓度为2-8цg/kg。证明该法分离效果好，分析时间短，所得结果可以满足国际分析方法要求。     

Liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight and ion trap mass spectrometry for qualitative analysis of herbal medicines

With the expansion of herbal medicine （HM） market, the issue on how to apply up-to- date analytical tools on qualitative analysis of HMs to assure their quality, safety and efficacy has been arousing g...     

气相色谱法测定循环洗油中苯、甲苯含量的实践

粗苯是炼焦中生成粗煤气的重要成分,粗煤气经洗油吸收、脱除后得到苯系混合物,洗油含量测定对粗苯产品质量计算具有重要意义。煤制油制气中用洗油净化气体脱除苯等杂质,采用色谱分析测定杂质含量具有精确性高等优点。研究介绍气相色谱测定法特点,利用气相色谱法测定循环洗油中苯、甲苯含量,这一实验表明气相色谱法具有分析速度快、应用广泛等优点,对增产降耗具有重要指导意义,同时能够有效改善分析人员的测定环境。色谱法采用阿匹松+红色载体填色谱柱,以苯、甲苯内标物重量校正因子定量。     

Determination and pharmacokinetic study of catechin in rat plasma by HPLC

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of catechin in rat plasma and its pharmacokinetic study after intragastric administration...     

气相色谱仪灵敏度的测量不确定度的评定

为了检定气相色谱仪数据的准确性,要考虑检定不确定度的影响.通过对气相色谱仪热导检测器(TCD)灵敏度进行校准过程中引入的不确定度分量进行了评定.TCD灵敏度的相对不确定度为2.1%,扩展不确定度为4.2%(k=2),所有检定项目中,标准样品进样量的不确定度是最大的.此方法简单、实用,可用于带色谱工作站的GC的校准.     

Preliminary study on Salvia miltiorrhiza bung endophytic fungus

Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung. Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy, living and symptomless tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung, among which 29 strains were obtained from the root, 14 from the stem, 3 from the leaf, 3 from the flower and 1 from the seed. Their antimicrobial activities against nine different bacteria, including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, were measured by Oxford plate agar diffusion bioassay. Results Our data showed that all but four strains had significant antibacterial activities on at least one indicator bacterium to some extent, and five strains (DR1, DR4, DR16, DR18 and DF2) manifested quite prominent antibacterial activities against certain pathogenic bacteria. In some degree, it might indicate that this endophytic fungus isolated from the tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung has a potential value as a natural antibacterial medicine as well. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were carried out to test selected strains, both inside and outside of the cell to see if any strain can produce tanshinone ⅡA. The result showed that extracts from three strains, labeled as DR12 (outside cell), DR21 (inside cell) and DF3 (inside cell), had a component with the same Rf value in TLC assay as that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA. The extract from DR12 (outside cell) and DR21 (inside cell) had a peak at retention time identical to that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA in HPLC. Conclusion The fungi appear to produce the bioactive compound tanshinone ⅡA, and they could be used to produce tanshinone ⅡA by fermentation. It provides a new way to synthesize this natural medicine.