船体结构腐蚀疲劳问题以及数值计算方法

船体或者内部高强脆性材料在腐蚀环境中的破坏问题已受广泛关注,其中涉及破坏机理的研究屡见报道,但相关的数值计算研究方法目前还屈指可数,文章在介绍各种破坏机理的基础上,从数值计算方法研究的角度阐述了最近几十年中的研究进展以及作者在该领域所取得的前沿性的成果,并指出了无网格有限元计算方法将在这个研究领域扮演重要角色.     

跨坐式单轨交通预应力钢筋混凝土轨道梁动力性能试验与分析

对重庆跨坐式单轨交通的预应力钢筋混凝土轨道梁、墩体结构进行了动力试验,测试其动力特性及在不同行车速度下的动力响应.测试及分析结果表明,预应力钢筋混凝土轨道梁结构实测自振特性与理论计算结果基本相符;轨道梁结构具有较好的竖向刚度和结构强度;单轨车辆以不同速度通过桥梁时,试验梁横向基频、横向加速度等横向振动性能与<铁路桥梁检定规范>的要求有一定差异;运行单轨车辆对轨道梁结构有一定的冲击作用,但不显著;墩体结构横向动力性能良好,满足限值要求.     

Development of an LIF image processing technique for measuring drop sizes in a pre-swirl spray

Depth of field effects in laser sheet imaging were considered for droplet sizing of a pre-swirl spray. A pre-swirl spray is formed before the hollow-cone type main-swirl spray from a D.I. gasoline injector, and shows transient characteristics with high axial velocity. A microscopic imaging technique was applied to obtain high spatial resolution LIF tomograms of the pre-swirl spray. A 1 mm thick Nd:YAG laser sheet was used as a light source to make the LIF tomograms that were imaged using a high-resolution CCD camera. The droplet sizing of the pre-swirl spray was carried out using an image processing technique. In the image processing procedure, the laser sheet-straddling large-sized droplets were carefully taken into account to remove the errors caused by the depth of field effects from the limited thickness and the energy distribution of the laser sheet. The mean intensity of the individual droplets and the line profile of the LIF signal around the droplet edge were inspected to screen the laser sheet-straddling large-sized droplets. In order to consider the effects of the size-dependent LIF signal intensity, the size-classified or ensemble-averaged mean intensity of the individual droplets was introduced. The mean droplet sizes such as AMD and SMD were calculated using only screened droplets, and they slightly increase before considering the depth of field effects.     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

Analysis process of a steering system using a concept model for idle vibration

This paper describes the development of an optimal design process for a steering column system and supporting system. A design guide is proposed at the initial concept stage of the development process to obtain sufficient stiffness of the steering system while reducing the idle vibration sensitivity of the system. Case studies on resonance isolation are summarized, where vibration modes among the systems are separated by applying a vibration mode map at the initial stage of the design process. This study also provides design guidelines for an optimal dynamic damper system using a CAE (computer aided engineering) analysis. The damper FE (finite element) model is added to the vehicle model to analyze the relation between the frequency and the sensitivity of the steering column system. This analysis methodology makes it possible to achieve target performance in the early design stage and reduction of damper tuning activity after the proto car test stage. Through the proposed steering column system development process, a lightweight vehicle with high stiffness is possible prior to the proto build stage. Furthermore, the improved process is expected to contribute to reducing the overall development period and the number of proto car tests necessary to achieve the desired steering system performance.     

A multi-objective optimal approach to automated construction of sacrificial multi-piece molds

Sacrificial multi-piece molds can be used for producing complex parts. To obtain the optimal design of molds automatically, a multi-objective optimal approach is proposed. Mold pieces number, material utilization and partitioning area are taken as the objective functions, and the machinability of each mold piece is taken as constraint condition. Genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to realize global optimization of partitioning process. Each mold piece in optimal scheme can be manufactured by milling and drilling operations, which reduce the tooling cost and shorten product cycle obviously. Using the proposed approach, mold design can be significantly automated for making complex parts.     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症对机体液递物质的影响及疗效

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化门脉高压症对机体液递物质的影响及其临床疗效评价。方法肝硬化门脉高压症患者40例,分为TIPS组和内科组,每组20例。另选健康成人20例,作为正常对照组。应用放免法及生化分析法测定各组各时段血清一氧化氮(NO)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及血浆丙二醛(MDA)的水平,观察临床表现及肝功能的变化。结果TIPS术后所有患者出血停止,一般状况改善明显,TIPS术后1 d血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)较术前升高,且差异有显著性(P<0.01),术后7 d有所降低,与术前相比无显著性差异。两治疗组40例患者血清NOI、L-6及血浆MDA水平治疗前后均高于健康正常人(P<0.01)。TIPS组术后NO水平与内科组治疗一周后相比明显升高(P<0.01)。TIPS组术后NO水平较术前明显升高(P<0.01)。结论TIPS治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症近期疗效显著,术后肝功能无明显损害;术后血清NO水平升高,其机制可能与TIPS引起门脉及全身血流动力学变化有关;MDA无明显变化,表明肝脏总的血流灌注减少不明显。     

插电式混合动力汽车高电压部件设计及布置

根据整车设计要求,建立插电式双电机MG1/MG2+行星轮系混合动力汽车高电压系统方案模型。通过理论计算及工程分析确定高压电池组、高电压线缆、双电机MG1/MG2、变频器(转换器/逆变器)、空调压缩机等高电压部件的结构及关键参数。针对高电压部件布置的安全及可靠性提出建议。     

基于 M/G/1模型的停车场出口排队延误

通过对大型停车场高峰时段出口车辆行驶特性的调查研究,选取了车辆排队的出口车头时距以及出口服务时间两个指标。基于两个指标实测特性和 M/G/1排队模型的分析,计算了停车场出口理论平均排队时间。通过实测车辆平均排队时间,对理论模型计算的平均排队时间进行了修正。实例分析表明：排队时间修正模型能够准确地估计排队时间。提出了基于驾驶员容忍度的排队延误分级标准。     

准饱和土中单桩竖向荷载作用下的动力响应

根据Biot饱和多孔连续介质波动方程,基于Bardet对准饱和土的假设,提出了准饱和土二相介质波动方程;运用Helmholtz矢量分解和传递、透射矩阵法(TRM)推导出准饱和土中层状半空间受竖向荷载作用下的动力响应表达式;利用Muki虚拟桩法,在层状半空间建立了桩和准饱和土相互作用的第二类Fredholm积分方程,通过离散的数值积分方法求解积分方程,讨论了准饱和土中单桩竖向动力响应问题.算例分析表明,准饱和土中桩顶竖向阻抗随饱和度的减少而增大,与饱和土地基相比,明显偏大;桩侧孔压随饱和度的减小而增大,并沿着桩长迅速衰减;桩顶位移幅值在频率较小时变化明显,饱和度越小,位移峰值越大,当频率较大时,饱和度的变化对振幅的影响不大.