Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

A linear complementarity method for the solution of vertical vehicle–track interaction

A new method is proposed for the solution of the vertical vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail. The vehicle is modelled as a multi-body system using rigid bodies, and the track is treated as a three-layer beam model in which the rail is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and both the sleepers and the ballast are represented by lumped masses. A linear complementarity formulation is directly established using a combination of the wheel–rail normal contact condition and the generalised-α method. This linear complementarity problem is solved using the Lemke algorithm, and the wheel–rail contact force can be obtained. Then the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the track are solved without iteration based on the generalised-α method. The same equations of motion for the vehicle and track are adopted at the different wheel–rail contact situations. This method can remove some restrictions, that is, time-dependent mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the coupled system, multiple equations of motion for the different contact situations and the effect of the contact stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for simulating the vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail.     

梁板架空式轨道基础在陆域散货堆场中的应用

常规的实体斜坡式轨道基础占用堆场面积较大,为节省占地面积,综合考虑工程地质条件、各专业设施的安装、使用和后期维护,经多方案比选最终选用梁板架空式轨道基础结构方案,将附属设施、堆场内的排水沟与轨道基础合并布置,不仅可以有效利用堆场空间,而且方便施工和后期使用,综合经济效益明显,可为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

超磁致伸缩作动器的磁路设计与仿真分析

从超磁致伸缩作动器(GMA)的结构和基本原理入手,通过对偏置磁场和GMM棒的设计,完成GMA的磁路设计。通过Ansys仿真,重点研究作动器外壳材料对磁路的影响以及磁轭材料的磁导率对磁场均匀度的影响。仿真分析结果表明:当采用圆筒形永磁铁来提供偏置磁场时,外壳材料只能选择非导磁材料;增加磁轭材料的相对磁导率,能够增大作动器的磁场强度,提高驱动磁场的均匀度。     

基于ARMA的桥梁监测信息预测技术研究

为解决桥梁结构健康监测中长期累积的海量监测数据处理问题,采用数据挖掘中的时间序列分析方法,利用自回归移动平均(ARMA)技术对桥梁历史静态监测量进行分析,直接得出关于其过去行为的有关结论,进而推断其未来发展趋势。与基于因果关系的结构式模型预测法不同,ARMA无需明确模型结构或边界条件,而是直接从统计学的角度预测变量未来发展情况。采用该技术对西安白蛇峪大桥应变监测数据进行分析,试验结果显示出较高的预测精度;采用该技术对重庆偏岩子大桥的应变、挠度、裂缝、倾斜监测量进行预测,试验统计结果表明,ARMA单步预测误差小于10%的置信度在97%以上,在工程实际中具有可实用性,可为桥梁结构的安全预警提供重要参考依据。     

北京地铁14号线高家园站-望京站区间单洞双线盾构临近穿越群桩的响应与防护

为减小盾构隧道施工对邻近群桩基础的影响,对10 m内径盾构穿越的机场快轨群桩响应进行数值模拟,分析盾构法隧道施工引起的群桩变形及内力变化情况。结果表明,开挖后桩身发生弯曲变形,桩身内力发生明显变化,前桩具有隔断作用,隧道施工对群桩中后桩的影响较小。群桩邻近盾构时采用复合锚杆桩作为隔断桩,复合锚杆桩加固桩侧土体的同时,可采用多排组合形成较大隔离刚度,套管施工可有效控制施工期间的环境影响。     

合福客专桥上CRTSI型双块式无砟轨道底座板施工技术

结合合福铁路客专桥上的CRTSI型双块式无砟轨道的施工,从梁面处理、测量放线、钢筋加工与安装、模板安装、混凝土浇筑等方面的质量控制,介绍CRTSI型双块式无砟轨道底座板和限位凹槽的施工工艺及施工技术,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

注胶法整治某高速铁路无砟轨道路基翻浆病害

目前高速铁路无砟轨道病害主要分为轨道板结构自身病害、支撑层(CA砂浆层)裂损、基床底座板吊空造成的翻浆病害等。结合某客运专线部分地段无砟轨道底座板吊空翻浆等病害情况,分析了病害产生的原因,从整治方案、质量检测和整治效果等方面,介绍一种全新的整治技术——注胶法在整治高速铁路无砟轨道路基翻浆病害中的应用,整治效果明显。     

车-桥耦合振动的动力响应分析

通过三角级数叠加法模拟桥面不平顺激励,运用大型有限元通用分析软件ANSYS的耦合技术对车-桥耦合振动进行了分析.提出了5个自由度的车辆模型模拟重车,160个梁单元模型模拟简支梁桥,把车辆和桥梁结构视为2个系统,利用Newmark-β法求解车-桥耦合振动方程组,进行了桥梁结构振动的位移、弯矩的响应研究.得到了桥梁跨中最大位移和弯矩都不是发生在桥梁跨中位置;随着桥面不平顺有明显的变化,随着桥面状况的变差,其响应越来越大.