浅谈石方爆破施工方案

路堑施工中石方爆破非常关键,边坡爆破和主体爆破采取的方式不同,将直接影响爆破的最终效果,为此将成功经验做简要介绍。     

环境规划中SO2排放总量预测方法研究

大气环境规划中对SO2排放总量的预测,由于数据资料不全,方法不成熟等原因,资源与环境工程其预测成为环境界多年来的难胚之一.文中以某市环境规划中SO2排放总量预测为例,综合研究目前地方环保局常采用的行业系数法、企业系数法、项目增减法及还未广泛采用的多元线性回归法和灰色模型法,分析比较这5种预测方法的优缺点,并对这5种方法的预测结果进行可信度检验,得出灰色模型法是相对所需数据最少、计算最为简单、预测精度最高的方法的结论.     

淤泥质海岸环抱式港池建设期的潮流泥沙数值模拟*

利用二维数值模型,对徐圩港大环抱方案工程期间的流场和含沙量分布进行了模拟计算,研究了口门尺度和港内布置形式对口门附近水动力特征及泥沙淤积的影响.结果表明,港内水域面积与口门过水面积的比值决定了口门附近水动力条件的强弱,而水动力条件则与口门附近港池、航道的淤积强度存在一定的反比例关系.在环抱式港池的建设初期,应尽量减小港内无效水域的面积,适当放宽口门宽度,从而在改善口门水流条件的同时,降低港内的淤积强度.     

Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

Physical–biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.     

IACS船舶系泊与拖带新要求解析

国际船级社协会新规范已生效,对于系泊与拖带设计提出了新的要求。本文对规范新要求进行解读,通过对比新旧要求,将计算方法和设计要求的具体变化进行了总结分析,并结合集装箱船和散货船的设计实例,提出了后续设计计算过程中需要特别注意的问题,为后续实船设计提供参照。     

国外混凝土结构耐久性监测传感器在国内工程中的适用性*

采用动电位极化和线性极化技术研究了国内普通钢筋、阳极梯监测传感器所用普通钢筋和ECI-2传感器所用普通钢筋的点蚀临界浓度和点蚀后的腐蚀速率。研究结果表明：ECI-2传感器所用普通钢筋的点蚀临界氯离子浓度与国内普通钢筋相似,点蚀速率略小于国内普通钢筋;阳极梯传感器所用的普通钢筋的点蚀临界氯离子浓度要高于国内普通钢筋,点蚀速率要明显低于国内普通钢筋。因此,在用这两种传感器进行国内工程耐久性监测时应对监测结果进行修正。     

吊艇架非线性阻尼优化设计

针对吊艇架减摆系统,设计了减摆罩基于母船横摇、纵摇两个自由度的解耦的阻尼结构,使阻尼器的减摆作用相互独立,互不影响。建立了该种减摆结构的数学模型,提出了利用船舶摇摆谱密度对数学模型进行了统计线性化分析,通过最优计算得出最优阻尼阀开口,针对被动减摆装置的局限性,利用模糊方法设计了最优阻尼的半主动控制策略。     

基于局部线性化方法的瘫船稳性敏感性分析及衡准完善

  目的  瘫船稳性是当船舶失去动力后,在横风横浪状态下发生共振横摇甚至倾覆的运动模式,是公认的较危险的稳性失效模式。国际海事组织（IMO）船舶设计与建造分委会（SDC）预计将于2019年完成第2代完整稳性衡准规则定稿,目前亟需大量的样船计算以完善规则。  方法  基于局部线性化方法,对3艘集装箱船进行了瘫船稳性第2层衡准校核计算,并分析了瘫船稳性敏感性与船舶各设计参数的关系。  结果  分析结果表明,随着船舶吃水深度的增大,船舶倾覆概率将先增大后减小,并对第2层衡准的标准值选取及衡准完善提出了建议。  结论  可为瘫船稳性衡准研究提供技术支持。     

基于SIMULINK的岸边集装箱起重机减摇系统仿真

在岸边集装箱起重机起升机构和小车运行机构模型的基础上建立简化的单摆模型,通过对模型的受力分析建立非线性方程.同时在MATLAB的SIMUUNK环境下对此模型进行动态仿真,达到通过控制小车的驱动力来控制吊具的摆角的目的.