提高电流放大器电流响应速度的研究

提出采用超前校正和负反馈校正提高电流放大器输出电流响应速度方法。分析了电流放大器结构和采用输出电流反馈的工作原理，指出感性负载的时间常数是影响电流响应速度的主要因素。研究采用超前校正和负反馈校正减小负载等效时间常数的基本原理。建立了电流放大器的仿真模型，采用DSP和智能功率模块（IPM）搭建了H桥式电流放大器及其控制电路和控制软件。阶跃指令和复合指令的仿真和试验表明，两种方法均提高了输出电流的响应速度，满足快速跟随电流指令要求。     

柴油机燃油电控喷射用快速电磁阀的研究

阐述了快速电磁铁实现快速动作的机理,建立了快速电磁铁优化设计的数学模型,并用计算机对其结构进行了最佳化设计。在确定快速电磁铁最佳结构参数的基础上,建立了其动态特性计算机仿真的教学模型,对其动态特性进行了计算机仿真,并对不同能量输入方式和不同线圈参数的仿真结果进行了比较。     

高速铁路路基结构时变系统耦合动力分析

在车辆的走行过程中,上部与下部是相互作用和影响的,因此,轨道交通问题实际上就是线路上下部结构和车辆系统的体系匹配问题。本文针对列车走行的实际情况,将轨道-路基作为参振子结构纳入车辆计算模型,建立了包含车辆、钢轨、轨枕、道床和路基作为一体的二系垂向耦合动力分析模型。作为模型的验证,结合京秦线提速改造工程进行了列车-路基动力仿真计算,得出在不同行车速度条件下,机车车辆通过路基段加固前后状态下的车体加速度、动轮载、轮重减载率及道床和路基主要动力性能指标,并与实车试验进行对比。试验测试结果验证了理论模型和分析方法的有效性,为高速铁路路基的动力特性分析和设计提供一些参考。     

Objectification of steering feel around straight-line driving for vehicle/tyre design

This paper presents the objectification techniques for the assessment of steering feel including {on-centre} feel and steering response by measurement data. Here, new objective parameters are developed by considering not only the process by which the steering feel is evaluated subjectively but also by the ergonomic perceptive sensitivity of the driver. In order to validate such objective parameters, subjective tests are carried out by professional drivers. Objective measurements are also performed for several cars at a proving ground. The linear correlation coefficients between the subjective ratings and the objective parameters are calculated. As one of new objective parameters, steering wheel angle defined by ergonomic perception sensitivity shows high correlation with the subjective questionnaires of on-center responses. Newly defined steering torque curvature also shows high correlation with the subjective questionnaires of on-center effort. These correlation results conclude that the subjective assessment of steering feel can be successfully explained and objectified by means of the suggested objective parameters.     

水中悬浮隧道锚索的非线性涡激振动研究

建立了水中悬浮隧道锚索在波流场中涡激振动的非线性数学模型,考虑了锚索的几何非线性对其涡激振动的影响,并应用有限差分法求解了锚索的运动控制方程。计算结果表明:锚索在顺流向和横向2个方向运动的耦合作用特别是几何非线性作用的引入,抑制了部分高阶模态的激发,使锚索横向涡激振动的振幅减小,顺流向振动的振幅增大;在悬浮隧道的振动引起的强迫激励和参数激励作用下,锚索顺流向涡激振动振幅显著增大,横向涡激振动出现"拍"的现象。     

大跨度刚构桥的行波效应影响分析

以老庄河大桥为例,采用通用有限元ANSYS程序,分析了考虑行波效应下连续刚构桥的地震反应,并与一致激励作用下的结果做了比较。分析表明,不考虑行波效应对连续刚构的主梁不利,而对墩底内力偏安全。     

荷载形状对钢桥面铺装力学响应的影响

针对轮胎接地形状的不规则性,构造理想传力垫层、运用三维有限元接触分析方法分析了矩形、椭圆、长圆3种简化荷载形状在具有不同单轮横向宽度及两轮中心距时铺装层的力学响应。结果表明单轮横向宽度与两轮中心距对横向拉应变有较大影响,而矩形形状荷载计算结果较椭圆和长圆形状荷载小。与实测数据的对比分析表明:以往计算采用的单轮横向宽度偏小,长圆荷载的计算结果与实测值更接近,在用简化矩形均布荷载分析钢桥面铺装力学响应时,单轮横向宽度与两轮中心距应该尽量按实际情况选取,并进行荷载形状修正。     

城市特宽拱桥的空间静动力有限元分析

宽度与跨度之比B/L>1的桥梁一般称之为特宽桥,其受力与普通窄桥有所不同。对一座B/L>1的下承式钢筋混凝土系杆拱桥建立空间有限元计算模型,对其进行静、动力分析,并与平面静力计算分析进行了比较。通过静力计算比较,发现平面计算的内力比空间计算的内力大,但是,平面计算不能反应拱肋和系梁的扭矩;通过动力分析,发现特宽拱桥横向刚度比纵向刚度和竖向刚度小,其横向地震响应相对较大。通过计算分析发现,对于特宽桥梁,应采用空间分析才能满足计算的精度,才能发现一些平面分析无法发现的问题,对于特宽拱桥,尤其要注意其横向刚度的处理。     

The intelligent use of finite element methods

The structural analysis based on application of numerical methods used in the solution of complex structural problems, when applied correctly, is a powerful tool leading to rational structural design of ships. This paper discusses the practicalities of its application and indicates that in order to achieve the stated objective, the following are essential pre-requisites: a) full understanding of the problem; b) ability to solve the problem using currently available methods; and c) ability to interpret the results of the analysis correctly. Whilst there is still a lot of discussion on whether the structural analysis represents a structural design or a structural verification tool, the view expressed in this paper is that the structural analysis should mainly be used in the latter context. This means that a sound engineering solution ought to be established in the first phase of the analysis and used as a basis. The final results will then only be used to perfect the structural detail and modify the areas where rapid stress gradients occur. Any other approach would invariably require repetitive, time consuming and costly iterations which under normal circumstances may prove to be counter-productive. This paper presents a few examples of practical application, the methodology of achieving the solution and the way of interpreting the results.     

大中型悬索管道跨越结构清管动力响应分析

大中型管桥是油气输送管道系统中的关键部位，呈现高次超静定、高柔性的结构特点，清管过程中形成的积液将在管桥处产生强烈的冲击动载荷作用，破坏管桥结构的稳定性。考虑悬索管道跨越结构恒载产生的初始内力、拉索垂度等几何非线性因素，将塔架简化为变截面梁，建立了悬索管桥清管动力分析有限元模型。按照管桥积液流动具有的移动荷栽一时间历程的特性，采用荷载步施加移动载荷。结合实例分析了不同清管工况条件下悬索管桥跨越结构的振动位移、临界积液长度以及临界清管速度，从而为安全清管作业提供指导依据。