Efficient estimation of extreme long-term stresses by considering a combination of longitudinal bending stresses

Longitudinal stresses due to combined horizontal and vertical bending moments in ships, corresponding to a return period of 20 years, are estimated by linear response analysis. In principle, the stress should be obtained by combining the stress in all sea states that can occur over a long-term period. A method to determine the desired long-term extreme stress by considering only a few short-term sea states is presented. The sea states have a certain probability of occurrence, and are each identified by a contour line in the (H _s, T _p)-plane. This approach makes it possible to estimate the extreme loads on the vessel in a practical and accurate manner. Moreover, it is shown that the long-term stress can be estimated by combining the individual long-term extreme stresses due to vertical and horizontal bending moments by using the sum-of-squares approach and accounting for the correlation between stresses. It was found that the correlation coefficient can be taken as the largest of the ones calculated along the contour line. It is shown that this correlation coefficient can even be approximated by the normalized phase angle at the wave length where the dominant response has its peak value. A comparison with the results obtained using well-known combination rules is presented. While linear analysis has been used here, it is believed that the approach can be generalized to stresses with nonlinear behavior, and hence represent a significant improvement in calculation efficiency. Received: September 18, 2001 / Accepted: December 18, 2001     

弹性部件的等效模型对铁道货车车体振动的影响

运用多体系统分析方法,建立轮轨系统的准弹性接触模型,对摆动式转向架货车的动力学性能进行仿真,运用有限元方法和Hook定律将弹簧托板等效为弹簧、刚体加弹簧以及柔性体,并在动力学彷真中评估这3种情况对货车车体振动响应的影响,找出系统动力学分析中合理等效薄壁部件的方法。通过结果分析,在车辆低速运行阶段,为加快分析速度可将弹簧拖板等效为1个弹簧元件,而在高速运行阶段,需要将弹簧拖板等效为柔性体,以考虑弹簧拖板自身振动对车辆整体性能的影响,使车辆设计趋于合理。     

线性系统单位门函数响应的试验测定

杜氏变换以单位门函数响应ρ_T(t)作为线性系统的固有属性,用来描述系统的动态特性.当实际线性系统的数学模型较复杂时,则可直接利用本文提出的试验测定方法(门函数响应测试法和统计相关测试法)来确定其单位门函数响应.     

两船在波浪中靠帮模型运动的试验预报

近来由于航道以及水域的限制，两船或多船定点靠帮进行装卸货物或补给越来越普遍，两船或多船之间相互影响也越来越引起工程师们的关注。通过两种船型（驳船和双体船）在4级上限和5级上限海况下分别与大船（panamax）进行靠帮的水池模型试验研究，给出它们的实船预报以及对应位置处的碰撞概率，分析两种船型在靠帮中运动的优劣，试验结果可为工程设计单位提供参考。     

The development of a stochastic non-linear and dynamic jack-up design and analysis method

This paper describes the development of a non-linear, dynamic jack-up analysis method in the time domain. It provides background as to why and when such analysis is required.

The theoretical background of the methods applied are discussed and the main features of the programme are described.     

提速铁路过渡段的动力响应测试分析

为了评价提速线路路桥过渡段对于轨道结构动力响应的改善程度,本文对京九线过渡段的设计及轨道动力响应测试进行了研究,过渡段的设计采用20m的级配碎石填筑,轨道动力响应测试参数为钢轨垂直力、钢轨加速度、轨枕加速度。测试表明,当路桥连接处设了轨道过渡段时,列车从低刚度轨道到高刚度轨道时,钢轨垂直力、钢轨加速度、轨枕加速度是由小逐渐增大的,没有突变;当列车从高刚度轨道到低刚度轨道时,钢轨垂直力、钢轨加速度、轨枕加速度是由大逐渐减小,没有突变。当路桥连接处没有设置轨道过渡段时,列车从高刚度轨道到低刚度轨道运行时,其动力响应突然减小,有突变。通过对设有过渡段及没有设过渡段的路桥连接处实测分析可知,当列车速度小于200 km／h时,采用长度为20 m的级配碎石填筑轨道过渡段,对减小过渡段轨道动力响应非常有利。     

超大型FPSO原油质量分布模拟与水弹性响应研究

FPSO在近海油气田开发中得到了越来越广泛的应用.大多数在渤海海域服役的FPSO工作在浅水海域.主尺度大与水深吃水小,直接导致FPSO水动力特性与深水条件下船舶的水动力特性有较大区别,因此采用水弹性理论研究超大型FPSO在浅水中的运动与波浪诱导载荷响应具有重要意义.浅水超大型FPSO满载时原油重量将近占载重量的80%,因此如何正确模拟原油重量分布对干结构的固有频率、广义质量和振型的计算非常重要.本文建立了基于三维水弹性理论的数值模型,开发了有限水深复合格林函数的数值计算程序模块,对一艘300K DWT FPSO在特定水深海况下的运动与波浪载荷响应进行了研究;同时采用三种方法模拟了原油质量分布.计算结果表明,不同的原油质量分布模拟方法对水弹性计算分析影响很大.     

船舶在远场水下爆炸载荷作用下动态响应的数值计算方法

提出了一个利用MSC／DYTRAN数值模拟水面船舶在远距离水下爆炸载荷作用下动力响应的方法。用FORTRAN语言编译用户子程序，在近场水域边界处加上冲击波载荷以模拟远场爆炸效应，进而利用DYTRAN中强大的流固耦合计算功能，计算船体在水下冲击波作用下的动态响应。同时研究了边界定义和单元划分对冲击波传播的影响。该方法弥补了DYTRAN计算远场水下爆炸的某些不足，计算所得到的船体附近的自由场压力与经验公式的结果基本一致，船体的冲击响应与相关实验结果比较表明本文计算结果可信。     

FEA for designing of floating raft shock-resistant system

Choosing the equipment with good shock-resistant performance and taking shock protection measures while designing the onboard settings, the safety of onboard settings can be assured when warships, especially submarine subjected to non-contact underwater explosion, that is, these means can be used to limit the rattlespace (i. e. , the maximum displacement of the equipment relative to the base) and the peak acceleration experienced by the equipment. Using shock-resistant equipments is one of shock protection means. The shock-resistant performance of the shock-resistant equipments should be verified in the design phase of the equipments. The FEA (finite element analysis) software, for example, MSC. NASTRANw, can be used to verify the shock-resistant performance. MSC. PATRAN and MSC. NASTRAN are used for modeling and analyzing the floating raft vibration isolating equipment. The model of the floating raft and the floating raft vibration isolating system are theoretically analyzed and calculated, and the analysis results are in agreement with the test results. The transient response analysis of the system model follows the modal analysis of the floating raft vibration isolating system. And it is used to verify the shock-resistant performance. The analysis and calculation method used in this paper can be used to analyze the shock-resistant performance of onboard shock-resistant equipments.