A combined assessment of air and noise pollution on the High Line,New York City

The High Line is an elevated public park in New York City, transformed from an unused freight rail line. Pedestrians walking through Manhattan’s West Side can walk either on the High Line or on a footpath below. Using Manhattan as a laboratory, this paper offers a combined assessment of noise and particulate matter pollution for its pedestrians. Noise and PM_2.5 levels were recorded simultaneously for two cases (i) pedestrians walking on a footpath alongside road traffic and (ii) pedestrians walking on the elevated High Line. Testing took places over three days in autumn 2014. Results were analysed to investigate if pedestrians using the High Line would have a lower pollution exposure to those using the footpath below. Results showed statistically significant differences between the upper and lower levels in exposure to both pollution types. In order to quantify the overall impact, results are expressed through a combined air–noise pollution index. This index indicates that the average reduction in PM_2.5 and noise pollution along the High Line compared to the footpath below is approximately 37%.     

Tyre/road noise damping characteristics using nomographs and fundamental vibroacoustical relationships

Several studies have successfully developed laboratory and field measurement techniques to estimate tyre/road noise damping characteristics. However, laboratory–field noise correlations of pavement types in the form of nomographs is essential to cognize the pavements’ acoustical properties from a practical perspective. A toolkit that readily provides field tyre/road noise intensity of different pavement materials is needed. Thus, the main objective of this study was to develop nomographs with relationships for tyre/road noise versus pavement materials’ viscoelastic–vibroacoustical properties. Isothermal and isochronal nomographs of phase angle–tyre/road noise as toolkits were developed based upon well-established phase angle and noise intensities typical of mixtures, making the nomograph correlations very authentic, realistic, and novel along with benefit to predict tyre/road noise at any desired temperature and traffic speed (or frequency) combination. This study is envisaged to benefit in the discernment of road materials’ damping capabilities from vibroacoustical and field noise–viscoelastic relation aspects.     

An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.     

The impact of road traffic noise on urban protected areas: A landscape modeling approach

We modeled the propagation of traffic noise over the landscape and analyzed its impact on the structure and configuration of protected areas of the Twin Cities Metro Region, Minnesota. Using four noise thresholds, we found that at low and medium noise levels, 19% and 11% of the protected areas are within the road-effect zone. Using mean patch area and patch shape index, we measured the acoustic fragmentation of habitats. We found that at higher levels of noise patch shape index increased, while mean patch size decreased. The acoustic diversity of a patch is also found to be correlated with land cover type, patch area, and patch shape.     

科考船水下辐射噪声的控制措施分析与应用

对某型科考船水下辐射噪声控制措施的针对性、施工便利性及成本控制等方面进行分析。结合实船测试结果，提出在科考船建造过程中，对于水下辐射噪声控制，船厂应根据减振降噪的有效性，重点关注影响大且便于实施的控制措施，而非追求控制措施的全面性，为平衡科考船水下辐射噪声控制和成本控制提供借鉴。     

绿化带对交通噪声衰减效果对比分析

选取福州市三环路的绿化带进行实验,主要以樟树与灌木、黄槐与灌木、刺桐与灌木、羊蹄甲与灌木绿化带作为研究对象,研究不同树种的郁闭度,在不同噪声强度下,各树种搭配衰减效果,进一步分析郁闭度与单位长度绿化带衰减效果的相关性。结果表明:刺桐与樟树绿化带郁闭度较高,黄槐次之,羊蹄甲郁闭度最低;黄槐的降噪效果最为明显,其次是樟树与刺桐,羊蹄甲的降噪效果最差,且噪声声级越高,绿化带衰减效果也越理想;郁闭度与噪声衰减值关系相关性较差,郁闭度需结合树木枝叶相关特征来分析整个树木的空间立体结构,进而建立与衰减效果之间关联。     

地铁车辆牵引电机装车噪声性能测试及分析

通过对某地铁车辆牵引电机开展线路振动噪声测试,获取了车辆运行过程中牵引电机本体附近及车辆内部的振动噪声数据,通过频域分析、品质分析和阶次分析等研究了不同工况下牵引电机的噪声性能及其对车底和车厢的影响,可为牵引电机设计开发提供参考。     

Urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping using multisource data

Many residents are disturbed by road traffic noise which needs to be controlled and managed. The noise map is a helpful and important tool for noise management and acoustical planning in urban areas. However, the static noise map is not sufficient for evaluating noise annoyance at different temporal periods. It is necessary to develop the dynamic noise map or the noise spatiotemporal distribution. In this study, a method about urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution mapping is proposed to obtain the representative road traffic noise maps of different periods. This method relies on the proposed noise spatiotemporal distribution model with two time-dependent variables - traffic density and traffic speed, and the spatiotemporal characteristics derived from multisource data. There are three steps in the method. First, the urban road traffic noise spatiotemporal distribution model is derived from the law of sound propagation. Then, the temporal characteristics are extracted from traffic flow detecting data and E-map road segment speed data by the outlier detection analysis. Finally, the noise distributions corresponding to different periods are calculated by an efficient algorithm which can save 90% above of the computing time. Moreover, a validation experiment was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method. There is only 2.26-dB[A] mean absolute error that is within an acceptable range, which shows that the method is effective.     

城市轨道交通系统的减振降噪措施

从轨道交通产生振动和噪声的机理出发,介绍了国内外轨道交通在车辆构造、轨道结构、轮轨关系以及桥梁结构等方面采取的减振降噪措施,提出了轨道交通减振降噪综合整治的理念。     

关于日本铁道机车车辆与其周边界面关系几个问题的研究(2)

3　弓网关系〔5〕(1)弓网接触力接触网和受电弓的良好接触状态是一个整体概念 ,一般认为 ,弓网接触力的变化愈小愈好 ,即“接触力最小值”要最大 ,而“接触力最大值”要最小 ,综合指标就是“均方根值”要最小。一般弓网平均接触力约为 5 0～ 70N (我国和欧洲一般为 70～ 90N)。