优化JT6120型客车气动特性的风洞试验

对影响ＪＴ６１２０型客车气动特性的主要外形结构参数进行了系列风洞试验，并对整车气动特性进行了优化，获得了最优化形设计方案，其空气阻力系数由０．７１下降至０．３４，其它气动特性指标也得到相应改善。     

应用有限元方法分析和降低轿车室内噪声

本文围绕车内中低频固体传播噪声控制这一研究目标，通过理论分析、建立数学模型、有限单元模型等研究过程，对发动机振动引起轿车车内噪声动态分析和优化设计了系统研究，为我国轿车开发设计和老车型改进中的噪声控制提供了一整套可行的设计方法。     

基于小波变换的补偿电容故障自动识别方法

针对当前高速综合检测车中,信号检测系统自动化水平较低、需要凭借人工经验检查故障等问题,提出一种基于小波变换的补偿电容故障自动识别方法。该方法首先对补偿电容检测数据进行降噪处理,然后对降噪处理后的数据进行脉冲识别,最后自动识别出补偿电容失效位置,从而达到补偿电容故障自动识别的目的。实验结果表明,该方法能满足现场使用需求。     

汽车齿轮减速箱的故障诊断

用丹麦B&K2033A信号分析仪与IBM—PC微型计算机联接组成的强功能实时信号分析系统,对沈阳汽车齿轮厂生产的SQC6020A型金杯牌面包车齿轮减速箱进行了噪声、振动测试及信号分析,以查找出其噪声源,进行故障诊断,并在此基础上提出了减振降噪措施。     

The impact of airport noise as part of a Strategic Environmental Assessment,case study: The Tivat (Montenegro) Airport expansion plan

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is one of the most important instruments for making relevant decisions on the basis of which spatial planning is aligned with the tenets and principles of sustainable spatial development. Its primary application is in spatial (strategic) and urban planning, as well as in the planning and design of sectoral policies in the areas of energy, water management, waste management, transport, etc. The implementation of SEA allows developers to establish the benefits and implications of the proposed spatial changes, taking into account the capacity of the space to sustain the planned development, and to determine the degree of acceptability of the proposed spatial changes. This paper presents a specific method of assessing the impact of airport noise as part of a particular SEA. The particularity of this method is that it integrates the objectives, indicators and criteria for assessing the impact of airport noise on the population using the method of multi-criteria evaluation, applied in the preparation of the SEA for the Urban development plan regarding the expansion of Tivat Airport, Montenegro. The changes in noise intensity within the planning horizon to 2030 were predicted taking into account the following factors: physical, geographic and demographic characteristics of the space, the projected increase in the number and nature of the flights operated within the planning period, as well as the types of aircraft. On the basis of these data noise dispersion modelling was carried out using the IMMI model, and the results obtained were used in a multi-criteria evaluation as part of the SEA. The results of the research do not indicate any significant increase in noise intensity within the planning period to 2030 and they represent a good basis for making relevant decisions regarding the future development of Tivat Airport.     

The cumulative effect of nuisances from road transportation in residential sectors on the Island of Montreal – Identification of the most exposed groups and areas

Air pollution and road traffic noise are considered to be the two most important nuisances that could negatively affect the quality of life. A prolonged exposure to high concentrations of these pollutants could conduct to various health problems. Studies in environmental equity have often considered these nuisances individually whenever it comes from the same source. The main objective of this paper is to determine if the 15 years of age, those aged 65 and over, visible minorities and low income individuals located in a portion of the Island of Montreal are overrepresented in city blocks characterized by having among the highest levels of transportation-related air pollutants (i.e., ambient concentrations of NO₂ and road traffic noise in decibels (dB(A)). The results show that low-income individuals and, to a lesser extent, visible minorities, are significantly overrepresented in city blocks characterized by the higher levels of NO₂ and road traffic noise in dB(A). Multinomial logistic regression analysis confirms these results, and also shows that young people under 15 years are under-represented in the most polluted areas. However, contrary to the previous bivariate results, people aged 65 and over are negatively and significantly associated with the likelihood of their living in a city block located in an advantaged area after controlling for the independent effects of the other explanatory variables. Moreover, visible minorities are significantly overrepresented in advantaged areas. Considering the observed results, some solutions are identified to reduce road traffic noise and air pollution in the city blocks localized near major traffic arteries.     

基于发动机悬置动刚度分析的车内降噪研究

某微型客车在行驶过程中发动机高转速时驾驶室产生共鸣声,车身有严重的振动现象。NVH测试结果显示发动机右悬置支架Z向动刚度偏低。采用有限元分析方法对发动机右悬置进行动刚度分析,基于动力总成悬置系统刚度匹配原则和结构参数敏感性分析,并考虑装配及焊接工艺等因素,提出一个较为合理的改进方案。改进方案装车后NVH测试结果表明车内噪声明显降低,发动机转速为3 315 r/min时降了4.3 dB,3 671 r/min时降了10 dB,3 860r/min时降了4.5 dB,车身振动主观感觉亦有明显减弱。     

高速列车的动态环境及其技术的根本特点

讨论了高速列车所处的动态环境。指出高速列车与普通列车的根本不同在于列车所处的动态环境发生了质的变化,由机械、电气作用为主,变为以气动作用为主。正是由于这一巨大变化,才产生了一系列高速列车技术的特点。例如,由于需要特大牵引功率来克服地表稠密大气所产生的阻力,高速列车必须放弃机车牵引,采用动车组模式;对高速列车必须进行“噪声设计”,才能分别按环保要求决定高速通道不同区段的最高限制速度。本文根据上述观点得出一些不同于通常所理解的关于地面高速交通的结论。比如:指出磁浮列车只有在低速下运行,才能凸显其低噪声的优点,高速度并不是它的特长。本文还进一步指出,地面开敞式高速交通,最高速度不宜高于400 km/h,超过这一限速必须采用真空管道高速交通。     

车辆噪声和振动故障诊断研究

噪声、振动和舒适性是衡量现代汽车品质的一个综合性技术指标,针对车辆故障诊断中难以准确检测和维修诊断的噪声与振动故障现象,从噪声与振动的关系出发,讨论了噪声和振动产生的主要原因,剖析此类故障现象的诊断流程,探讨了噪声与振动故障诊断检修的一般方法与措施。     

轨道检测噪声数据剔除方法的研究

为了消除铁路轨道检测数据中夹杂的噪声数据对轨道状态评定的影响,利用小波算法对原始数据信息进行分解.通过对分解后得到的高频信息进行分析,即可以找出轨道检测数据中噪声数据出现的规律.然后利用小波消噪方法对检测数据进行处理,得到消噪之后的数据,从而实现数据的恢复.使用Matlab中的小波算法对兰新线某段数据进行分析,实践表明小波算法具有较好的消噪功能.