The significant impacts on traffic and emissions of ferrying children to school in Beijing

After having implemented numerous regulations, e.g., coercive policies on vehicle use and purchase, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find further potential to control vehicle emissions in Beijing, as the air quality is still poor. This research provides a different approach for policy-makers to reduce vehicle emissions by managing demand. We found that parents ferrying their children to and from school is an important but long-neglected contributor to traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. This phenomenon is very common in China because of the social culture. In this research, parallel tests during both the school season and the non-school season were adopted, and emissions in both seasons were calculated based on travel demand and emission models. The results revealed that emissions factors (in g/km) for criteria pollutants and CO₂ increased by over 10% during rush hours during the school season due to traffic condition deterioration compared with non-school season. Daily HC, CO, NO_x, PM and CO₂ emissions from the passenger car fleet were 8.3%, 7.8%, 6.4%, 6.3% and 6.5% higher compared with those during the non-school season, respectively. These differences are greater than the total vehicular emission reduction by other control measures in 2014 in Beijing. For policy makers, providing safe and efficient ways to ferry children would be a useful and harmonious strategy for future vehicle emission control.     

南海“浅深水”海域经典TLP平台整体运动性能分析

干式采油树应用于海上油气开发具有特定的优势,张力腿平台(TLP)作为重要的浮式干树开发平台具有广泛的应用。联系到我国海上油田具体特点及TLP平台所具有的诸多优势,未来TLP平台将是中国南海油气开发不可或缺的平台类型之一。本文针对经典TLP在中国南海北部“浅深水”(水深330m)油田千年一遇环境下整体运动性能与张力腱系统响应情况进行了研究,对TLP平台进行了全耦合时域计算分析,并对平台运动、张力腱响应及平台甲板气隙等进行了分析校核。分析结果表明：千年一遇生存条件下,平台张力腱系统安全;平台水平偏移较大,对立管设计挑战较大;平台甲板气隙较为临界,存在甲板上浪风险。     

气囊用于大型平底分段合拢的研究

本文就利用气囊进行大型平底分段合拢的方法进行了研究,并就大型分段利用气囊进行工艺合拢的方法进行了设计与方案论证,给出了气囊选型的方法及与其配合的牵引系统的安全工作负荷计算方法.根据现场实际情况,对气囊的受力进行了分析,指出利用气囊技术能够较好的解决大型分段场内搬运与工艺合拢分段间的位置校准问题.为大型分段的制造、场地移动以及分段总组的合拢提供了一种有效的工艺方法.     

新型轨道吸污装置吸污能力研究

采用扁形喷嘴倾斜吹风和较宽吸嘴吸风构造新型轨道吸污装置,在忽略空气的黏性力和密度变化、射流角度与气流离开轨道表面角度的差异以及吸风对吹风影响的前提下,进行新型轨道吸污装置吸污能力研究.结果表明:在临界移动速度均为10 km· h-1时,吸污风量为8×104 m3·h-1的新型轨道吸污装置与吸风风量达28×104 m3·h-1的法国VAKTRAK09系列轨道吸污装置的吸污能力相当;轨道吸污装置的临界吸污能力与临界吹风速度、临界吸风速度和临界移动速度有关,在装置的吹风、吸风速度确定后,临界吸污能力取决于装置的临界移动速度.试验证明,射流角度为60°时吸污效果更好.     

热空气加速老化对合成闸瓦性能的影响

对铁路货车合成闸瓦进行热空气加速老化试验,研究合成闸瓦在老化过程中的力学性能和摩擦性能变化规律。结合热失重及溶胀实验结果,认为热氧老化使闸瓦中丁腈橡胶交联密度增大是闸瓦材料脆性增加、韧性变差的本质原因。     

CRH3动车组制动系统软管去除防火护套的安全性分析

在CRH3系列动车组运用过程中,频繁发生转向架区域及转向架与车体之间的制动软管防火护套破损、软管被磨破漏风等现象,对行车安全及运营秩序造成影响。针对此问题,从制动软管工作条件和结构角度分析故障产生的原因,提出采用不锈钢接头、无防护套的软管结构,并得到试验验证。     

车外空气压力作用下的CRH2型动车组车内空气压力传递函数模型

根据CRH2型动车组车体气密性要求和换气系统风机特性曲线,分别建立车体内外空气通过车体等效泄漏缝隙时的泄漏空气质量流量以及新风机和废排风机的空气质量流量与车内外空气压力的线性关系式.由车内空气质量守恒定律建立在车外空气压力作用下车内空气压力响应的传递函数模型.由于动车组运行中换气系统风机特性曲线的工作点可能偏离建模时的工作点,从而导致模型涉动,故采用实测数据对传递函数模型进行修正,并通过仿真验证传递函数模型的正确性.     

地铁车辆直线电机气隙在线检测系统结构

气隙在线检测系统是集数据采集、分析、处理与实时通信于一体的计算机测量系统。作为直线电机地铁车辆的维护设备之一,当车辆通过系统时,其可以实现自动辨别车号、计算车速、记录轴数、测量气隙高度等功能,并通过计算机内部设备的判别模型,对超限数据进行报警。     

空调负荷率对地埋管水冷多联机空调系统性能的影响

埋管式水冷多联机空调系统具有很好的节能、环保效益,是一种新型水冷多联机系统,但由于其系统运行特性相关资料缺乏,严重影响其在实际工程中的应用。为了解埋管式水冷多联机系统运行特性,以某建筑埋管式水冷多联机系统为研究对象,采用试验方法对其性能进行测试,测试结果表明:系统负荷率越大,水冷多联机组进出水温度越高;机组耗电量和制冷量随系统负荷率增大而增大,系统负荷率对机组性能系数的影响较小;该系统与常规风冷多联空调系统相比,其在部分负荷运行时调节性能好、运行费用低、节能性好。     

Integrated analysis of GHGs and public health damage mitigation for developing urban road transportation strategies

This study attempts to present an urban road transportation strategy focusing on the mitigation of both GHGs emission and public health damage, taking Xiamen City as a case study. We developed a Public Health and GHGs Emission model to estimate the impacts of direct energy-consumption-related GHGs emissions and public health damage in Xiamen’s road transportation strategies from 2008 to 2025, considering the environmental benefits and economic costs. Two scenarios were designed to describe future transportation strategies for Xiamen City, and mitigation potentials for both GHGs emission and public health costs were estimated from 2008 to 2025 under a series of options. The results show that enacting controls on private vehicles would be most effective to GHGs mitigation, while enacting controls on government and rental vehicles would contribute the most to NO₂ and PM2.5 reductions. Compared with the Business as Usual scenario, the Integrated scenario would achieve about a 68% energy consumption reduction and save 0.23 billion yuan (95% CI: 0.16, 0.32) in health costs in 2025. It is clear that integrated and advisable strategies need to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban road vehicles on GHGs emissions and public health and economic costs, particularly in regions of rapid urbanization.