空气净化器风道的计算机仿真

在进行空气净化器风道结构的设计中,风道的结构形式对风量起着重要的影响。本文利用ICEPAK计算机仿真软件在设计阶段对空气净化器的风道进行模拟仿真,建立了风道的仿真模型及建模过程,仿真出风道进口处与出口处的空气流速的变化值,进一步研究离心风机的风量与滤层阻力、流量、流速的影响关系。通过实验比较,在不同滤器种类的情况下,验证了风阻对风量的影响大小,证明了空气净化器风道计算机仿真的正确性。     

Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.     

Forecasting bunker prices; A nonstationary,multivariate methodology

This paper suggests a methodological approach for the forecasting of marine fuel prices. The prediction of the bunker prices is of outmost importance for operators, as bunker prices affect heavily the economic planning and financial viability of ventures and determine decisions related to compliance with regulations. A multivariate nonstationary stochastic model available in the literature is being retrieved, after appropriate adjustment and testing. The model belongs to the class of periodically correlated stochastic processes with annual periodic components. The time series are appropriately transformed to become Gaussian, and then are decomposed to deterministic seasonal characteristics (mean value and standard deviation) and a residual time series. The residual part is proved to be stationary and then is modeled as a Vector AutoRegressive Mooving Average (VARMA) process. Finally, using the methodology presented, forecasts of a tetra-variate and an octa-variate time series of bunker prices are produced and are in good agreement with actual values. The obtained results encourages further research and deeper investigation of the driving characters of the multivariate time series of bunker prices.     

汽车运动空气流场变分原理

文中给出汽车运动空气流场的严格互补极点－鞍点定理，并且证明变分解存在唯一性。首次为汽车空气形状阻力变分有限元解奠定了理论基础。     

应用PQI评价沥青路面离析的研究

沥青路面施工过程中会出现不同程度的离析,以往判断施工离析的方法主要凭借肉眼观察和钻芯取样,缺乏科学性和可信性。由于没有合适的测量手段和评价方法,导致对于离析的判断处于破损性检测和定性评价的阶段。文章介绍在某高速公路沥青下面层施工过程质量检测中,采用PQI(Pavement Quality Indicator)快速、无破损检测路面的空隙率,直观定性分析路面离析的情况和找到离析的原因,然后利用统计分析的方法可以定量评价路面离析程度及范围。     

大客车空气弹簧动态特性的试验分析

空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，其振动频率要比钢板弹簧低得多。对客车用空气簧动态特性进行了试验分析。结果表明，空气弹簧在多种载荷工况下特性曲线具有相似性，说明一种空气弹簧适合于多种载荷的汽车；空气弹簧的动刚度主要取决于激励频率，在低频范围内幅值比较小，高频范围内幅值比较大。     

汽车空气悬架的现状展趋势

在相同的载荷作用下，空气弹簧可以得到比钢板弹簧低得多的振动频率，从而提高行驶平中性；空气弹簧具有变刚度特性，固有频率可以根据需要而适当地改变，由于其具有优良的性质，使得空气悬架在汽车悬架系统中的应用越来越广泛，在国外已渐渐发展成为标准装备，中对空气悬架的现状及发展趋势进行了阐述，同时分析了空气悬架的结构和工作原理，空气弹簧的特性及其在整车中的布置方式。     

汽车自动空调的电控系统及其维修

以日本丰田ＬｅｘｕｓＬＳ４００ＵＣＦ１０型汽车用微机控制折自动调系统为例，介绍了汽车自动空调电控系统的组成，以以系统中各元器件的结构、功能及维修方法，并论述了电子控制单元的控制功能和电控系统的自我诊断功能。     

船舶气囊下水工艺实践与发展前景

本文叙述船舶气囊下水新工艺在我国内河中、小型船厂近年来的实践，提出和总结气囊下水工艺有关计算方法和注意事项。鉴于气囊下水新工艺有其独特的优越性，并随着气囊制造质量和下水工艺不断完善提高，气囊下水新工艺必会有较好的发展前景，下水船舶重量期望可提高到2000t。     

浅谈重卡进气系统发展趋势

随着国家对于节能减排的重视程度日益增强,相关法规对整车的排放性能、能耗水平的要求不断提高。进气系统对动力性、经济性、排放性能都有较大影响,因此进气系统的设计是否合理对整车性能能否达成有较大影响。文章以重卡进气系统为例,介绍了进气系统的作用,结构组成,近年来应用的新技术以及未来的发展趋势,文章对进气系统的设计具有一定指导作用。