Determinants of the willingness-to-pay for reducing the environmental impacts of road transportation

This paper examines the willingness-to-pay of people living in a number of villages in Navarre, in the Spanish Pyrenees to reduce noise and air pollution. Several models are used for estimation based on contingent valuation, noting that those living near roads are willing to pay more to reduce air and noise pollution. In addition, younger people, the better educated, and the more environmentally aware individuals are also willing to pay more to reduce those externalities.     

Reverse time-restricted shortest paths: Application to air traffic management

In this paper, we consider a particular class of network flow problems that seeks a shortest path, if it exists, between a source node s and a destination node d in a connected digraph, such that we arrive at node d at a specified time τ while leaving node s no earlier than a lower-bounding time LB, and where the availability of each network link is time-dependent in the sense that it can be traversed only during specified intervals of time. We refer to this problem as the reverse time-restricted shortest path problem (RTSP), and it arises, for example, in the context of generating flight plans within air traffic management approaches under severe convective weather conditions. We show that this problem is NP-hard in general, but is polynomially solvable under a special regularity condition. A pseudo-polynomial time dynamic programming algorithm is developed to solve Problem RTSP, along with an effective heap implementation strategy. Computational results using real flight generation test cases as well as random simulated problems are presented.     

The impacts of inter-vehicle spacing on in-vehicle air pollution concentrations in idling urban traffic conditions

The influence of inter-vehicle spacing on the in-vehicle air pollution exposure of car commuters in heavy traffic conditions was investigated, both experimentally and numerically. An experimental investigation was carried out into the effect, on in-vehicle air pollution exposure, of maintaining a distance of approximately 2 m to the preceding vehicle in congested idling traffic conditions compared to that of an identical vehicle maintaining a distance of approximately 1 m. In-vehicle VOC and PM_2.5 concentrations revealed that a 19–31% reduction in exposure at the larger inter-vehicle spacing. A computational fluid dynamics model was calibrated using the experimental data and used to prediction car exposure under different conditions by varying certain key parameters. Agreement between the experimental and predicted data of 82% was achieved. The results show a significant drop in pollutant concentrations occurred within the first 2 m of their emission from the preceding vehicles exhaust.     

基于HyperWorks的汽车空气滤清器模态分析

乘用车空气滤清器的固有频率是一个重要的性能指标,需要满足特定的设计目标值。文章运用HyperWorks软件对某乘用车空气滤清器建立有限元模型,进行模态分析,获得固有频率,根据分析结果,提出改进措施,并对改进后的空气滤清器进行分析,确保其满足设计指标要求。     

基于Fluent的氢燃料电池空压机性能分析

文章针对某款氢燃料电池空压机建立二维模型,然后导入ICEMCFD软件进行网格划分,再利用Fluent 18.0软件,基于标准k-ε模型,采用SIMPLEC算法对其内部流场进行数值模拟,并分析了空压机内部流动现象和规律,最后与参考文献结果进行比较,验证了空压机仿真的准确性。     

汽车蒸发器结冰控制方法研究

文章针对某型汽车,对其所产生的蒸发器结冰现象通过道路试验进行复现,并据此研究蒸发器结冰的控制方法。试验发现蒸发器结冰与温控器的位置及温控器的设定参数有关。在道路试验过程中,通过改变温控器的位置及参数设置,并同时采集空调系统相关数据,选取最为合适的温控器参数设置,可有效防止蒸发器表面结冰,提高空调系统舒适性及可靠性。通过这种方式总结出温控器参数设置对各测量参数的影响规律,避免蒸发器结冰,对整车空调系统匹配至关重要。     

宇通客车气压ABS原理及检测

介绍宇通客车气压ABS的组成,每个元件的功能、测试方法以及ABS的闪码诊断程序和故障码含义.     

通过控制过量空气系数提高注汽锅炉热效率

通过理论分析及现场测试 ,分析了过量空气系数对注汽锅炉热效率的影响 ,得出了在注汽锅炉实际运行中应加强对过量空气系数的监控 ,使过量空气系数降低 ,从而提高注汽锅炉热效率的结论     

空气弹簧刚度特性模型及气体非理想化修正方法研究

基于范德瓦耳斯方程建立了3类空气弹簧的刚度特性模型,通过理论分析可知.以往的模型不能反映范德瓦耳斯常数,空气弹簧初始压力和温度等气体非理想化因素的影响,为此引入一个表征气体非理想化特性的无量纲因子H进行修正.仿真计算结果表明,在低温高压的情况下.基于理想气体状态方程的空气弹簧刚度特性模型存在较大误差:引入H可改善空气弹簧刚度特性模型的适用性     

船舶驾驶室玻璃窗除雾系统方案探讨

驾驶室是船舶中最重要的集中控制站,其四周设置有大量便于观察外部状况的玻璃窗,确保玻璃窗在各种环境工况下清晰透明,不受雾气、结霜或结冰天气影响其观察视线显的尤为重要,直接关乎船舶航行的安全性；本文介绍了驾驶室在几种不同的常用空调系统下如何设计与之相匹配的除雾系统；重点介绍了驾驶室在拥有独立中央空调系统下的除雾系统设计,包括风量计算,加热负荷计算,风量控制,以及风量平衡分析和风管布置等；。