无纵向风下环境压强对拱顶最高温度影响数值研究

为了给高海拔隧道火灾防灾救援设计提供参考依据，通过火灾动态模拟软件(FDS)建立全尺寸模型隧道，设置5种不同环境压强，研究环境压强对隧道火灾拱顶最高温度的影响。结果表明： 1)相同火源热释放速率(HRR)下，拱顶最高温度随着压强降低而增大； 2)环境压强降低引起的空气密度与卷吸强度变化是造成拱顶最高温度变化的主要原因。基于理论分析和数值计算结果，提出考虑环境压强的拱顶最高温度预测模型。预测模型拱顶最高温度与考虑环境压强的无量纲热释放速率的2/3次幂成正比，试验数据验证了预测模型的可靠性。     

基于坐垫体压分布的驾驶员生理状态识别方法

提出一种基于坐垫体压分布识别长途驾驶过程中驾驶员生理状态的方法.开展长途驾驶模拟试验,采集9名被试者在驾驶过程中的坐垫体压分布数据,提取82维分类特征,再采用序列浮动前向选择算法从中选出55维最优特征子空间.试验结果表明,该方法能准确识别驾驶员生理状态,贝叶斯分类正确率可达93.37％.     

Route structures in air transportation—the situation in the federal republic of Germany

This paper deals with route structures in air transportation in general and describes the derivation of such structures. Based on an extensive analysis of scheduled air traffic in Germany, an overview of the situation in domestic and international air travel is given. In particular, relationships were found which permit—in connection with a number of influencing factors—to derive from the present situation route structures, which are also valid for a future year.

This approach was used for the assignment of origin‐destination‐passenger flows to air network routes in a forecast of demand and services in commercial air transportation of the Federal Republic of Germany for the year 1995.     

The time slot allocation problem under uncertain capacity

This paper presents two stochastic programming models for the allocation of time slots over a network of airports. The proposed models address three key issues. First, they provide an optimization tool to allocate time slots, which takes several operational aspects and airline preferences into account; second, they execute the process on a network of airports; and third they explicitly include uncertainty. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first models for time slot allocation to consider both the stochastic nature of capacity reductions and the problem’s network structure. From a practical viewpoint, the proposed models provide important insights for the allocation of time slots. Specifically, they highlight the tradeoff between the schedule/request discrepancies, i.e., the time difference between allocated time slots and airline requests, and operational delays. Increasing schedule/request discrepancies enables a reduction in operational delays. Moreover, the models are computationally viable. A set of realistic test instances that consider the scheduling of four calendar days on different European airport networks has been solved within reasonable – for the application’s context – computation times. In one of our test instances, we were able to reduce the sum of schedule/request discrepancies and operational delays by up to 58%. This work provides slot coordinators with a valuable decision making tool, and it indicates that the proposed approach is very promising and may lead to relevant monetary savings for airlines and aircraft operators.     

Interactive image-based information visualization for aircraft trajectory analysis

Objectives: The objective of the presented work is to present novel methods for big data exploration in the Air Traffic Control (ATC) domain. Data is formed by sets of airplane trajectories, or trails, which in turn records the positions of an aircraft in a given airspace at several time instants, and additional information such as flight height, speed, fuel consumption, and metadata (e.g. flight ID). Analyzing and understanding this time-dependent data poses several non-trivial challenges to information visualization.Materials and methods: To address this Big Data challenge, we present a set of novel methods to analyze aircraft trajectories with interactive image-based information visualization techniques.As a result, we address the scalability challenges in terms of data manipulation and open questions by presenting a set of related visual analysis methods that focus on decision-support in the ATC domain. All methods use image-based techniques, in order to outline the advantages of such techniques in our application context, and illustrated by means of use-cases from the ATC domain.Results: For each considered use-case, we outline the type of questions posed by domain experts, data involved in addressing these questions, and describe the specific image-based techniques we used to address these questions. Further, for each of the proposed techniques, we describe the visual representation and interaction mechanisms that have been used to address the above-mentioned goals. We illustrate these use-cases with real-life datasets from the ATC domain, and show how our techniques can help end-users in the ATC domain discover new insights, and solve problems, involving the presented datasets.     

U型车箱载荷计算方法的应用研究

为了寻求一种较为科学的U型车箱面板载荷计算方法,先采用多种土压力理论对车箱各面板进行载荷的计算,而后利用载荷计算结果在A NSYS下对U型车箱进行应力分析并与试验结果进行对比,最后通过分析,找到一种较为合理的U型车箱面板的计算方法。     

负离子发生器车内微颗粒净化效率研究

由于汽车的普及,车内的空气质量引发消费者越来越多的关注。糟糕的车内空气质量会增大人们罹患某种特定疾病的概率,因此控制与减少车内空气污染成为汽车生产设计商所追求的目标。微颗粒污染物,即PM2.5是车内空气污染物的重要来源之一。负离子因能有效沉降空气中的微颗粒,成为车内快速去除微颗粒污染的重要手段。在文章中,我们通过在车内进行微颗粒沉降实验,记录微颗粒物浓度在负离子仪以及车内空调内/外循环净化模式下的变化,并通过SPSS与MATLAB对污染物浓度进行数学建模分析。结果表明:单独使用负离子仪器并无法有效降低车内空气的颗粒浓度,而必须配合车内空气循环系统。在负离子作用下,结合车内空气循环系统,微颗粒浓度迅速下降,下降速度与空气交换速度和微颗粒在空气中的迁移速度相关。     

水毁重建漫水桥设计探讨

介绍某山区桥梁水毁情况，分析其水毁原因，总结经验教训，提出了漫水桥结构设计要点，作为类似桥梁结构设计的参考。     

复合地层中超大直径泥水盾构施工开挖面泥水压力确定方法研究

在超大直径泥水盾构施工中,泥水压力的控制是保证开挖面稳定的关键。依托正在新建的上海北横通道工程,利用三维数值分析方法,总结出适用于软土复合地层超大直径泥水盾构施工的开挖面泥水压力确定方法,并根据北横通道现场实测数据对该方法进行对比分析。研究结果显示: 1）超大直径泥水盾构泥水压力最佳平衡计算点位主要与土层厚度比和上下土层有效内摩擦角差值有关; 2）在近似均一地层中可以取盾构中心点作为平衡点位,这与以往工程经验相吻合; 3）复合地层中可通过理论计算确定最佳平衡计算点位。     

大断面矩形土压平衡式顶管上跨施工对运营地铁隧道变形的影响分析

以川大停车场下穿人民南路地下人行通道矩形顶管隧道工程为依托,采用数值模拟方法对大断面矩形土压平衡式顶管隧道上跨地铁运营区间隧道所引起的地铁隧道变形进行全过程分析研究,并将模拟结果与现场监测数据进行对比,验证模型的合理性。主要结论如下： 1）顶管法隧道上跨施工引发的既有地铁隧道竖向变形受前期掌子面支护压力影响较大,随着开挖面的推进,开挖卸载效应逐渐占据主导地位; 2）地铁隧道横向位移受顶管隧道掌子面支护压力和开挖卸载效应的共同影响,且地铁隧道管片衬砌上半断面的横向位移对掌子面支护压力极为敏感。