四轮转向技术在牵引汽车中的应用

简述车辆四轮转向技术的应用，经过对机场牵引汽车四轮转向系统的研究，提出一种新的控制方式，在随动轮角度跟随基础上加入汽车行驶速度控制因子，既解决了车辆高速行驶的稳定性问题，也保证了车辆低速转弯的灵活性。     

Parameters of moving sidewalks for airport terminal pier fingers

A moving sidewalk system installed at an airport pier finger is analyzed. The optimal length of the moving sidewalk and the optimal spacing between the access points which minimize the total cost of the system are obtained using methods of calculus, for a number of cases based on the different proportions of arriving, departing and transferring passengers and for two different types of moving sidewalks: elevated, at‐grade.

The optimal length of the moving sidewalk is shown to be linearly related to the length of the concourse, and to the total passenger demand. The effect due to preticketed transferees is insignificant.

The optimal spacing between access points is shown to be proportional to the square‐root of either the cost of an access escalator or the cost of inconvenience to a passenger due to an intermediate gap, depending on the moving sidewalk system under consideration. It also changes with the percentage of preticketed transferees.     

计算民用机场刚性道面面层厚度的疲劳消耗方法

现行民航机场刚性道面计算方法需要先选定设计飞机,然后将其他机型的运行架次都折算成设计飞机架次再进行板厚计算。由于机轮荷载应力与起落架构型、几何参数、胎压、轮载等存在复杂的关系,实际上很难导出不同机型间运行架次的换算关系。根据计算,现行架次换算式存在不能实现等效疲劳换算的重大缺陷。鉴此,本文提出了根据疲劳损耗确定道面面层厚度的计算方法。其优点是无需选用设计飞机,从而避免了架次换算方法不完善带来的问题或设计飞机选取不当可能引起的错误。此外,本方法还具有计算可靠性高、能分辨每种机型在道面疲劳损耗中所占份额和便于道面剩余寿命估算等优点。     

Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

Assessing the impact of tactical airport surface operations on airline schedule block time setting

With the growth of air traffic, airport surfaces are congested and air traffic operations are disrupted by the formation of bottlenecks on the surface. Hence, improving the efficiency and predictability of airport surface operations is not only a key goal of NASA’s initiatives in Integrated Arrival/Departure/Surface (IADS) operations, but also has been recognized as a critical aspect of the FAA NextGEN implementation plan. While a number of tactical initiatives have been shown to be effective in improving airport surface operations from a service provider’s perspective, their impacts on airlines’ scheduled block time (SBT) setting, which has been found to have direct impact on airlines’ on-time performance and operating cost, have received little attention. In this paper, we assess this impact using an econometric model of airline SBT combined with a before/after analysis of the implementation of surface congestion management (SCM) at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in 2010. Since airlines do not consider gate delay in setting SBT, we find that reduction in taxi-out time variability resulting from SCM leads to more predictable taxi-out times and thus decreases in SBT. The JFK SCM implementation is used as a case study to validate model prediction performance. The observed SBT decrease between 2009 and 2011 at JFK is 4.8 min and our model predicts a 4.2 min decrease. In addition, Charlotte Douglas International Airport (CLT) is used as an example to demonstrate how different surface operations improvements scenarios can be evaluated in terms of SBT reduction.     

Determinants of airports’ environmental effects

Aviation is a fast growing sector with increasing environmental concerns linked to aircraft emissions at airports and noise nuisance. This paper investigates the factors affecting the annual environmental effects produced by a national aviation system. The environmental effects are computed using certification data for each aircraft-engine combination. Moreover, we also take into account for the amount of environmental effects that is internalized at the airport, mainly through noise regulation. We study a dataset covering information on Italian airports during the period 1999–2008. We show that a 1% increase in airport’s yearly movements yields a 1.05% increase in environmental effects, a 1% in aircraft size (measured in MTOW) gives rise to a 1.8% increase and a 1% increase in aircraft age generates a 0.69% increase in environmental effects. Similar results but with smaller magnitudes are observed if airport internalization is considered. Our policy implications are that the tariff internalizing the total amount of externality is about euro 180 per flight, while the tariff limiting only pollution is about euro 60 and the one reducing noise is about euro 110. Moreover, our airport examples show that managers should prefer to address additional capacity by increasing frequency rather than aircraft size, since the former strategy is more environmental friendly.     

机场沥青混凝土道面维护与管理

文章分析了机场沥青混凝土道面常见的裂缝类损坏、变形类损坏和表面损坏等主要病害的形成原因,指出各种病害对机场运行可能带来的不同危害,提出常见病害的维修措施.     

试析扬泰机场对泰州经济社会发展的影响

文章在分析扬泰机场运营环境和条件的基础上,探究扬泰机场运营对泰州地区经济社会发展的影响,并提出相应的对策建议,具有一定的指导意义。     

空港综合交通枢纽客流需求预测研究--以广州白云国际机场为例

为弥补民航部门常规预测思路在航空枢纽集疏运设施供给策略、供给规模预测方面的不足,提出面向集疏运设施规模及供给策略的空港综合交通枢纽客流需求预测思路。在判断主要客流构成的基础上,明确了分客流、分方式的预测总思路;在分析经济增长和高铁两大影响航空客流增长的主要因素基础上,分别提出陆侧航空客流和中转航空客流的预测方法,进而得到航空客流总量,支撑空港枢纽对外交通设施供给策略的制定。以此为基础,通过客流分布、方式划分等技术手段,确定各集疏运方式的客流需求规模,为相应设施规模的预测提供依据。     

机场道面混凝土再生集料的性能及生产工艺改进

该文以室内试验为基础,研究了虹桥机场大修产生的废弃混凝土再生粗集料的物理性能、力学性能和耐久性能。同时分析了再生细集料的含水率和表观密度特征。从而提出了粗集料密度与吸水率的修正方法。在分析再生集料级配特征的基础上,对再生集料的生产工艺进行了改进。