The limits of partial life cycle assessment studies in road construction practices: A case study on the use of hydrated lime in Hot Mix Asphalt

Extensive published literature shows that hydrated lime improves Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) durability. Its impact on the environmental impact of HMA has not been investigated. This paper presents a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for the use of HMA without hydrated lime (classical HMA) and with hydrated lime (modified HMA) for the lifetime of a highway. System boundaries cover the life cycle from cradle-to-grave, meaning extraction of raw materials to end of life of the road. The main assumptions were: 1. Lifetime of the road 50 years; 2. Classical HMA with a life span of 10 years, maintenance operations every 10 years; 3. Modified HMA with an increase in the life span by 25%, maintenance operations every 12.5 years. For the lifetime of the road, modified HMA has the lowest environmental footprint compared to classical HMA with the following benefits: 43% less primary total energy consumption resulting in 23% lower emissions of greenhouse gases. Partial LCAs focusing only on the construction and/or maintenance phase should be used with caution since they could lead to wrong decisions if the durability and the maintenance scenarios differ. Sustainable construction technologies should not only consider environmental impact as quantified by LCA, but also economic and social impacts as well. Avoiding maintenance steps means less road works, fewer traffic jams and hence less CO₂ emissions.     

基于评价声级L_r对低流量铁路(含专用线)噪声的环境影响评价研究

针对我国没有明确的低流量及专用线的执行标准和噪声评价量,主要从两个方面进行研究:对比国内外标准的制定过程和标准值,建议我国今后标准建立的应分区分年限;综合分析最大A声级、等效A声级、评价声级L_r和噪声暴露级等评价量,提出用暴露级结合L_r的评价方法,且与瑞士L_r进行计算分析比较,并结合实际监测验证,证明本方法较为可信。     

The impact of airport noise as part of a Strategic Environmental Assessment,case study: The Tivat (Montenegro) Airport expansion plan

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is one of the most important instruments for making relevant decisions on the basis of which spatial planning is aligned with the tenets and principles of sustainable spatial development. Its primary application is in spatial (strategic) and urban planning, as well as in the planning and design of sectoral policies in the areas of energy, water management, waste management, transport, etc. The implementation of SEA allows developers to establish the benefits and implications of the proposed spatial changes, taking into account the capacity of the space to sustain the planned development, and to determine the degree of acceptability of the proposed spatial changes. This paper presents a specific method of assessing the impact of airport noise as part of a particular SEA. The particularity of this method is that it integrates the objectives, indicators and criteria for assessing the impact of airport noise on the population using the method of multi-criteria evaluation, applied in the preparation of the SEA for the Urban development plan regarding the expansion of Tivat Airport, Montenegro. The changes in noise intensity within the planning horizon to 2030 were predicted taking into account the following factors: physical, geographic and demographic characteristics of the space, the projected increase in the number and nature of the flights operated within the planning period, as well as the types of aircraft. On the basis of these data noise dispersion modelling was carried out using the IMMI model, and the results obtained were used in a multi-criteria evaluation as part of the SEA. The results of the research do not indicate any significant increase in noise intensity within the planning period to 2030 and they represent a good basis for making relevant decisions regarding the future development of Tivat Airport.     

浅析如何制定项目管理人员绩效考核指标

对企业管理人员和项目管理人员进行绩效考核的最终目的是为了提高和改进管理人员的绩效，充分调动他们的积极性，为实现企业的发展目标和项目的经济效益提供重要的人才支撑，为企业的可持续发展增强动力。此文围绕企业发展战略如何制定绩效考核指标，如何科学设定关键绩效考核指标，如何结合项目类型确定绩效考核指标权重，如何结合项目特征确定绩效考核者间的关系进行论述。     

基于FSA理论的港口水域通航安全研究

综合安全评估(FSA)是一种结构化和系统性的分析方法。为确保港口水域通航安全,采用了该评估。综合地考虑影响安全的诸方面因素,通过对系统存在的风险进行综合性的评估,提出合理全面并能有效地控制风险发生、减少损失的措施。把综合安全评估(FSA)法的流程应用于港口水域通航安全评估中,为研究港口水域船舶通航安全提供一条新的途径。     

船舶油污损害赔偿评估的模糊类比分析法

根据油污事故损害赔偿案例之间所具有的类比性,以及事故产生损害程度与溢油种类、数量、油膜扩散面积、受污海岸类型和长度等指标密切相关的特点,提出油污损害赔偿评估的多指标模糊类比分析方法,通过等评估的油污事故与历史赔偿案例之间的多指标综合类比进行关于损害程度的模糊排序,从而分析得到的此次油污事故的损害程度大小及应赔偿索赔的范围和具体数值,与直接统计评估法相比,分析方法所需要的数据和资料较少而且易得,评估     

确定桥梁评估目标可靠指标的生活质量分析法

结构可靠度理论越来越多地被用到桥梁设计、评估与管理领域。其中一个重要的参数———目标可靠指标的取值直接影响分析结果的可靠性。采用近年发展起来的基于风险分析的生活质量准则,结合对既有公路桥梁的时变可靠度分析提出了确定桥梁评估实时的目标可靠指标的方法。通过对一座我国路网常见的简支梁桥的实例分析,阐述了该方法的过程。算例分析表明,基于生活质量分析确定的目标可靠指标考虑了不同发达水平的社会承担桥梁失效风险的能力与期望,较规范校准法的目标可靠指标取值要更合理。本文方法可为基于可靠度和风险的既有桥梁评估和管理提供理论基础。     

舰船技术状态等级划分方法研究

该文介绍了利用模糊数学中的二级模糊综合评估,通过对舰船设备技术状态的处理来评估舰船的等级,使舰船的等级评定从经验划分向科学划分过渡。     

特长隧道施工地质环境调查评价与控制研究

文章以我国在建第二长高速公路隧道——雪峰山隧道进口端为例,分析了施工中出现的地质环境问题,提出了水质污染等地质灾害的形成机制,找到预测及处理的措施,为今后类似的特长隧道施工地质灾害的预防与治理提供参考。     

全电力推进舰船的电力系统评估指标体系研究

简要分析了全电力推进系统的特点，在此基础上提出一套能够定量分析全电力推进系统的评估指标体系，举例对这一指标体系进行了定义及定量分析，并对评估指标的隶属度函数及其权重进行了初步探讨。