信号处理在舰船目标识别中研究发展综述

舰船目标识别系统是现代智能水中兵器的神经中枢和关键技术,为全面了解现代舰船目标识别技术的基本原理功能和发展现状。全面系统地介绍了二十多年来国内外舰船目标识别技术的发展历程和成果,重点阐述了诸如谱分析、小波分析、混沌时间序列分析等现代信号处理技术在舰船目标识别中的发展。最后对未来舰船目标识别技术的发展方向和思路表达了认识和看法,以期共同推进舰船目标信号的特征提取和识别技术的进一步发展。     

Freight Data Assembling and Modeling: Methodologies and Practice

Abstract

In comparison to personal travel, freight movements within large metropolitan areas are much less studied. Most conventional transportation models and planning analysis that disregarded freight flows have been criticized on the plausibility of their results and conclusions. To alleviate these problems, this study proposes a non-survey based approach to assemble and process freight data in a systematic way. A freight origin–destination (OD) matrix of freight flows can be developed using secondary data sources. The estimated freight flows can be loaded together with conventional passenger flows onto the regional highway network of a large metropolitan area. As a case study, this non-survey based approach was applied to build a freight OD and study the traffic flows in Los Angeles. It concluded that this approach can be used to analyze urban freight movement in a low-cost way in which planning agencies can overcome the common omission of freight flow information in their transportation plans.     

Image analysis of aggregate, mastic and air void phases for asphalt mixture

The shape characterization and spatial distribution of aggregate,mastic and air void phases for asphalt mixture were analyzed.Three air void percentage asphalt mixtures,4%,7% and 8%,respectively,were cut into cross sections and polished.X-ray scanning microscope was used to capture aggregate,mastic,air void phase by the image.The average of polygon diameter was chosen as a threshold to determine which aggregates would be retained on a given sieve.The aggregate morphological image from scanned image was utilized by digital image processing method to calculate the gradation of aggregate and simulate the real gradation.Analysis result shows that the air void of asphalt mixture has influence on the correlation between calculation gradation and actual gradation.When comparing 4.75 mm sieve size of 4%,7% and 8% air void asphalt mixtures,7% air void asphalt mixture has 55% higher than actual size gradation,8% air void asphalt mixture has 8% higher than actual size gradation,and 4% air void asphalt mixture has 3.71% lower than actual size gradation.4% air void asphalt mixture has the best correlation between calculation gradation and actual gradation comparing to other specimens.The air void percentage of asphalt mixture has no obvious influence on the air void orientation,and three asphalt mixtures show the similar air orientation along the same direction.     

基于激光摄影测量方法的地铁限界检测系统研究*

限界检测系统主要采用激光摄影测量方法快速实现地铁限界非接触式检测,检测系统采用激光摄像式传感器实时采集隧道断面图像,通过对激光摄像式传感器非线性模型进行标定从而建立空间物体与摄像机图像像素之间映射关系,实现隧道断面上待测目标点的距离测量。针对系统中激光光条图像的处理,先后采用图像预处理算法提高图像处理效率,Sobel算子提取激光光条边缘,利用 Sobel算子提供的光条梯度信息经脊线跟踪法实现光条中心亚像素提取,提高检测系统精度。利用研制出的地铁限界检测系统进行现场试验和精度验证。试验表明,地铁限界检测系统能够满足地铁限界高精度检测需求,能够为地铁安全运行发挥重要作用。     

自航模运行轨迹自动跟踪系统研究

通过对自航模运行特点的研究,研制出一套利用伺服系统驱动的单台摄像机自动跟踪系统,主要由水平旋转伺服系统、垂直旋转伺服系统和安装在伺服系统之上的工业相机组成。系统对图像进行采集和处理,并与伺服系统形成闭环。当船模成像到达图像正中心后,采集当前水平与垂直伺服系统的角度,计算当前船模坐标,并与上一坐标点进行关联,绘制运行路径。通过实际测试,该系统运行稳定,轨迹定位精度满足工程要求。     

长江航道三维可视化数据处理方法研究

阐述长江航道三维可视化系统的多源海量数据的获取及处理方法,研究航道地形数据的特点及其处理流程,基于三维可视化系统采用对比分析的方法突出了各相关数据的处理效果。     

不同的自适应卡尔曼滤波在地铁隧道沉降监测数据处理中的应用研究

由于传统卡尔曼滤波所建立的数学模型不是很精确,且动态噪声统计特性不易确定,可能导致滤波发散而无法获得准确的预测结果。为了克服这种现象,提出自适应卡尔曼滤波方法。分别用卡尔曼滤波、基于极大验后估计原理的自适应卡尔曼滤波和基于方差补偿的自适应卡尔曼滤波在地铁隧道沉降监测数据处理中的应用进行分析比较,结果表明,与其他方法相比,基于方差补偿的自适应卡尔曼滤波方法的变形预测精度更高。     

对大数据的探讨

从数据处理技术的角度介绍了大数据的概念和特点,分析了大数据面临的挑战和研究现状,给出迎接大数据的几点思考。最后,结合湖北汽车工业学院的实情,提出了大数据研究的建议。     

基于动态多子群协作QPSO算法的RBFNN优化

提出了一种动态多子群协作QPSO算法(Dynamic Multiple Sub-population Collaboration Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization,简称DMPQPSO),该方法动态构建各子群,并采用混沌策略分2个阶段优化QPSO,同时对各子群的收缩扩张系数分别进行自适应调整.采用该方法优化RBFNN,并将DMPQPSO算法与标准PSO和QPSO算法对比,仿真实验验证了该方法的优化效果.     

SBS改性沥青生产工艺参数的确定

通过SBS改性沥青实验分析,研究了对SBS改性道路沥青性能有影响的剪切时间、剪切温度、剪切速率等工艺参数。结果表明,以90“沥青为基质沥青研制的SBS改性沥青,在剪切温度180℃～190℃、剪切时间30～40min、剪切速率为5000～6000r·min^-1、发育时间2～2．5h的情况下,改性剂与基质沥青之间具有较好的相容性,改性沥青具有较高的储存稳定性和良好的路用性能。