船用应急发电机的经济选型

文章根据SOLAS的要求,通过对船用应急发电机容量决定方法的说明,引导出发电机的两个主要参数（KVA＆KW）的经济性决定方法;再通过对各应急发电机厂家对这两个重要参数的铭牌标识方法的解释,基于发电机原动机与发电机部分的匹配关系,阐述了采用低功率因数的发电机组,调整发电机本体规格降低发电机原动机的规格,以达到合理经济地选择整台应急发电机组的目的。     

Seaport investments in capacity and natural disaster prevention

Most seaports face constraints in financial resources to some degree, and thus need to balance the investments in capacity and natural disaster prevention. On the one hand, due to budget constraint, limited resources need to be allocated between the two tasks. On the other hand, the benefit of natural disaster prevention investment is likely to be higher for ports with larger capacity. This study builds a stylized analytical model to examine the managerial and policy implications of such interactions between the two counteracting mechanisms. We find that the port managers would always prioritize capacity investment over natural disaster prevention investment. Social welfare maximizing ports invest more in both capacity and disaster prevention than those chosen by profit maximizing operators. However, compared with profit maximizing ports, welfare maximizing ports also require a larger budget to justify the investment in disaster prevention. Moreover, with increasing intensity of natural disaster, a port’s capacity investment decreases and its disaster prevention investment increases, irrespective of its objective. The magnitudes of both changes are larger for welfare maximizing ports than for profit maximizing ports.     

Trading mechanisms for bottleneck permits with multiple purchase opportunities

This paper extends the theory of tradable bottleneck permits system to cases with multiple period markets and designs its implementation mechanism. The multiple period markets can achieve more efficient resource allocation than a single period market when users’ valuations of tradable permits change over time. To implement the multiple period trading markets, we propose an evolutionary mechanism that combines a dynamic auction with a capacity control rule that adjusts a number of permits issued for each market. Then, we prove that the proposed mechanism has the following desirable properties: (i) the dynamic auction is strategy-proof within each period and guarantees that the market choice of each user is optimal under a perfect information assumption of users and (ii) the mechanism maximizes the social surplus in a finite number of iterations. Finally, we show that the proposed mechanism may work well even for an incomplete information case.     

多种参数影响下的船舶艉轴承润滑性能分析

针对安装误差导致的轴颈倾斜角、主轴转速、艉轴工作环境温度等因素对船舶艉轴承润滑性能影响的问题，以某散货船为研究对象，基于Reynolds边界条件，运用有限差分法对Reynolds方程进行求解，通过数值分析软件MATLAB进行编程，获得不同工况下艉轴承的润滑模型。进而对多种参数影响下的油膜压力和油膜厚度差异进行对比分析。结果表明:考虑轴颈倾斜角的情况下，轴颈倾角逐步增大，油膜压力峰值与轴颈倾角呈现正相关关系，最小油膜厚度减小速度先快后慢；主机在不同工况下，油膜压力峰值与主轴转速呈现负相关关系，最小油膜厚度与主轴转速则呈现出一种近似正比的关系；当艉轴工作环境温度变化时，随着温度的升高，最大油膜压力逐渐增大，最小油膜厚度变化趋势则相反，逐渐向减小的方向发展。     

郑州局集团公司运输需求与运力衔接对策探讨

在货运市场波动较大的情况下,切实做好运输需求与运力的衔接,使既有运力灵活有效地适应市场变化,实现精准运输,提高装车兑现率和运输满足率,是提效增量的重要途径。在分析运输需求与运力现状及存在问题的基础上,提出郑州局集团公司运输需求与运力衔接对策,即:准确掌握运输需求信息,认真编好货运日计划,切实做好运输有序衔接,全力确保重点物资运输,努力提高装车兑现水平,加强客户信息管理。     

焦柳铁路超限坡区间扩能改造方案研究

超限坡对列车运行速度和线路输送能力均有很大影响,是既有单线铁路扩能改造工程的重要制约因素。为解决既有单线铁路超限坡问题,增大铁路输送能力,提高列车运行速度,阐述焦柳铁路超限坡区间现状,结合单线铁路怀化至柳州段电气化扩能改造工程,提出既有线补机牵引方案、既有线大功率机车动能闯坡方案、展线软化坡度方案及局部增二线方案4个扩能改造方案。在此基础上,结合焦柳铁路超限坡区间与机车选型匹配性分析,经方案比选研究,得出焦柳铁路超限坡区间扩能提速改造方案,为我国单线铁路超限坡区间扩能改造提供借鉴。     

同步顶升技术更换连续箱梁桥支座施工方案

文章结合工程实例,根据同步顶升技术更换连续梁桥支座的施工要求,设计出不同的顶升施工方案,并分析各方案的优缺点,提出最终的优化方案及施工控制要点。     

喷浆法在加固黄河大坝高填土中的应用

文章结合东营黄河大桥桥头高填土跨越黄河大坝的工程实例,介绍采用喷浆法进行大坝高填土加固的设计方法及施工工艺,并对其加固效果进行了评述。     

Feedback control speed harmonization algorithm: Methodology and preliminary testing

The capacity drop phenomenon, which reduces the maximum bottleneck discharge rate following the onset of congestion, is a critical restriction in transportation networks that produces additional traffic congestion. Consequently, preventing or reducing the occurrence of the capacity drop not only mitigates traffic congestion, but can also produce environmental and traffic safety benefits. In addressing this problem, the paper develops a novel bang-bang feedback control speed harmonization (SH) or Variable Speed Limit (VSL) algorithm, that attempts to prevent or delay the breakdown of a bottleneck and thus reduce traffic congestion. The novelty of the system lies in the fact that it is both proactive and reactive in responding to the dynamic stochastic nature of traffic. The system is proactive because it uses a calibrated fundamental diagram to initially identify the optimum throughput to maintain within the SH zone. Furthermore, the system is reactive (dynamic) because it monitors the traffic stream directly upstream of the bottleneck to adjustment the metering rate to capture the dynamic and stochastic nature of traffic. The steady-state traffic states in the vicinity of a lane-drop bottleneck before and after applying the SH algorithm is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in alleviating the capacity drop. We demonstrate theoretically that the SH algorithm is effective in enhancing the bottleneck discharge rate. A microscopic simulation of the network using the INTEGRATION software further demonstrates the benefits of the algorithm in increasing the bottleneck discharge rate, decreasing vehicle delay, and reducing vehicle fuel consumption and CO₂ emission levels. Specifically, compared with the base case without the SH algorithm, the advisory speed limit increases the bottleneck discharge rate by approximately 7%, reduces the overall system delay by approximately 20%, and reduces the system-wide fuel consumption and CO₂ emission levels by 5%.     

Capacity,information and minority games in public transport

Many public transport operators are faced with high peak demands. This leads to crowded vehicles and discomfort for the passengers. The increasing availability of information technologies creates new opportunities for passengers to avoid crowding and for operators to inform passengers and reallocate capacities quicker than before. We define and implement a simple model based on minority games, a class of games that deals with crowding dynamics, adapted to a public transport setting.We propose a model which includes multiple resources and heterogeneous passenger preferences. We have conducted two simulation studies, investigating the dynamics of crowding within a simplified public transport setting. In our first experiment we investigate the effect of the availability of information on crowding. In our second experiment we study dynamic optimization of rolling stock capacities. We find that both the information disclosed and the capacity optimization mechanism have an impact on the number of passengers utilizing resources and their satisfaction. As such, these models enable the development and analysis of new operator policies to deal with crowded situations.