高速铁路牵引变压器容量与配置方案优化研究

根据高速铁路牵引负荷过程测试数据,构建基于热传递微分方程的牵引变压器温升模型,并给出牵引变压器中可靠性最弱的热改性绝缘纸的相对老化率算式,据此计算牵引变压器的寿命损失.结果表明:为了有效利用牵引变压器寿命损失,可以降低牵引变压器的容量,该高速铁路选择2×31.5 MVA容量等级的牵引变压器较为合理;但是,为了充分利用既有单相牵引变压器和相关设施,针对当前的运输组织条件提出一主三备的牵引变压器配置优化方案,该方案能够有效提高牵引变压器容量利用率,对电能质量的影响远低于GB/T15543-2008标准的限值要求,具有良好的技术经济性.     

桥梁结构基于性能的地震经济风险评估

针对我国桥梁结构的地震直接经济风险评估,建立基于性能的实用评估方法。规范设防下利用地震动参数确定地震危险性,将改进能力谱方法用于确定桥梁结构各损伤状态的地震需求水平,结合桥梁损伤脆弱性以及相应的损失比,使桥梁结构的地震经济风险定量表达为年预期损失形式。并借助OpenSees地震工程仿真平台应用本方法对一座城市轨道交通桥梁进行地震经济风险评估。结果表明,在设定地震下桥梁结构的地震直接经济风险损失主要来自年超越概率较高的轻微破坏和中等破坏,约占风险损失的82.4%;而运用增量动力分析对该评估方法的验证结果表明,该方法的评估结果与增量动力分析结果相比较为保守,二者相对误差随年超越概率的降低而趋于减小。     

南京长江大桥铰轴滑板支座和辊轴支座使用性能研究

通过剖析3跨连续梁远端支座位移产生缘由并结合南京长江大桥测试结果,给出计算三跨及多跨连续梁结构远端支座位移结构校验系数的相对位移法。通过南京长江大桥正桥4号墩铰轴滑板支座和7号墩辊轴支座的实测位移量对比分析可知:在相同自重或列车荷载作用下,铰轴滑板支座产生的水平摩阻力较辊轴支座大;铁路客车产生的支座水平推力不足以克服铰轴滑板支座的最大静摩阻力,支座基本不动;当桥上列车荷载产生的支座水平力足以克服铰轴滑板支座的最大静摩阻力时,铰轴滑板支座产生移动,但因其水平摩阻力大于辊轴支座,所以其位移量小于辊轴支座,两者位移量随桥上列车荷载的增加而增加,但两者差值基本保持稳定。     

我国车辆荷载特性及其对路面结构的影响分析

随着国民经济的飞速发展,我国行驶在公路上的汽车轴载特性发生了很明显的变化,而这种变化性又会引起沥青路面结构受力特性的改变。本文借助现有我国公路上的调查统计资料,分析了这种变化对路面结构所带来的影响。     

Reduction of capacity and projected costs associated with seat belt installation on school buses

This study examines the potential effects the installation of seat belts on school buses would have on the fleet capacity in Alabama and the resulting cost implications. The study also documents the myriad research studies and professional opinions offered on the potential safety effects of equipping school buses with safety restraints/seat belts. Four seat configurations for the school buses were analyzed. The first configuration represents the most common current bus seating configuration without seat belts, 3 seats on each side of the aisle and 12 rows (3/3-12). The physical space required for seat belt hardware may result in a loss of a row of seats and may reduce the number of students seated per row. Thus, three more configurations were studied: loss of a row of seats (3/3-11), loss of one seat per row (3/2-12), and loss of both a row of seats and a seat per row (3/2-11). The capacity for each configuration for each bus using current pupil loads was determined. The costs associated with installation of seat belts, and purchase and operation of new buses were obtained. Should school bus seat belts become mandatory in Alabama, the results obtained in this study can be used by any school system to determine the optimum configuration for their pupils, which will identify the number of additional buses that must be purchased by the school system. This study found that many of the buses that would become overloaded due to seat belt installation and the resultant loss of seating will be carrying only a few excess pupils. Transportation supervisors may be able to handle such overloads by transferring these pupils to other buses or by adjusting their bus routes to minimize purchase of new buses. Additional suggestions for handling bus overloads were offered in the body of this report.     

使用30°楔形防松螺纹安装扭矩的建议

为明确30°楔形防松螺纹在同样的施加扭矩下所获得的轴力。试验了30°楔形防松螺纹和普通螺纹经振动防松试验轴力的衰减情况和同扭矩下扭矩系数及轴力的比对试验。从而获得在施加相同扭矩下,30°楔形防松螺纹所获得的轴力比普通螺纹所获得的轴力低。     

Challenges raised by freight for the operations planning of a shared-use rail network. A French perspective

Operating rail infrastructures that are shared among different uses is complex. In Western Europe, the predominance of passenger traffic over freight has traditionally led to thorough scheduling of capacity use, with an increasing tendency to anticipate through the design of regular-interval timetables. The paper discusses the specific challenges posed by fitting freight into the timetabling process for a mixed-use rail network, based on current French experience. The analysis is carried out from the perspective of the infrastructure manager. It is mainly supported by the results of a series of about 30 interviews, carried out in 2012 and 2013 with the parties involved in the timetabling process. The paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the process in terms of organization, rules and practices, with an emphasis on the characteristics of freight traffic compared with passenger traffic. The author highlights three key management issues for the French infrastructure manager when dealing with freight: (1) the uncertainty surrounding the mid-long term development of the rail freight market at the national level; (2) the heterogeneity resulting from the diversity of commodities, convoys and profiles and behaviors of the capacity applicants; (3) the volatility of some freight traffic resulting in a great amount of activity in the later stages of the timetabling process. If uncertainty about the future appears to be a highly sensitive issue in the French context, heterogeneity and volatility of freight traffic can be perceived as management challenges that may be experienced, to a greater or lesser degree, on other rail networks.     

轴承高速大载荷特性试验验证技术

通过对特种轴承运行特点进行深入分析,提出轴承高速大载荷特性验证试验机的研制难点和设计要求,完成轴承试验机的研制,并严格依据试验大纲完成轴承高速大载荷特性验证试验.通过对验证试验数据和轴承样本拆检结果进行分析,完成3型特种轴承的高速大载荷特性试验验证,为后续某大型装置关键系统的可靠使用打下坚实的基础.     

Operational analysis of the contraflow left-turn lane design at signalized intersections in China

The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of an unconventional left-turn treatment called contraflow left-turn lane (CLL) on the operational performance of left-turn movement at signalized intersections. An analytical model was developed for estimating the capacity of left-turn movement at signalized intersections with the CLL design. The capacity model was calibrated and validated using field data collected at six approaches at five signalized intersections in the city of Handan, China. The results of field data analyses showed that the use of CLL design improved the capacity of left-turn movements. However, the capacity gains with the CLL design were quite stochastic considering the randomness in the arrivals of left-turning vehicles. Analytical delay models were proposed for estimating the delay to left-turning vehicles at intersections with the CLL design. A procedure was also proposed for optimizing the location of the upstream median opening and the green interval of the pre-signal. Simulation analyses were conducted to compare the delay experienced by the left-turning and through vehicles at signalized intersections with the conventional left-turn lane, the CLL and another unconventional left-turn treatment entitled “tandem design”. The results showed that both CLL and tandem designs outperformed conventional left-turn lane design; and the CLL design generated less delay to both the left-turning and through vehicles as compared with the tandem design.     

地质参数对地基承载力的影响以及土层穿刺评估

地质参数的正确选择对平台安全操作有重要意义。本文针对某自升式海洋平台所处南海海域地质土层,利用数值比较法对砂的内摩擦角以及粘土不排水抗剪强度等地质参数进行研究。通过地质参数前后系数的改变在地基承载力计算结果的体现,比较数值得出结论,并通过所画土层的地基承载力插桩曲线评估该土层发生穿刺危险的可能性。结果表明：采用将砂土内摩擦角降低5°、按实际的土层强度参数进行地基承载力计算和插桩深度预测,计算结果与实际平台操作结果接近以及选取1.5的安全系数计算和评估穿刺危险是可行的。