Spatial and Temporal Variability in Shipping Traffic Off San Francisco,California

Shipping traffic poses a worldwide threat to many large whale species. Spatially explicit risk assessments are increasingly being used as a tool to minimize ship-strike risk. These assessments often use static representations of shipping patterns. We used Automatic Identification System data to quantify variability in cargo shipping traffic entering and exiting San Francisco Bay, which contains some of the busiest ports in the United States, at three temporal resolutions: (1) before and after implementation of the California Air Resources Board's Ocean-Going Vessels Fuel Rule, (2) among seasons, and (3) day versus night. We used the nonparametric Mood's Median test to compare median daily distance traveled because the data were not normally distributed and the variance was not homogeneous. Our analyses show that shipping traffic off San Francisco is dynamic at both interannual and daily temporal resolutions, but that traffic was fairly consistent among the seasons considered. Our analyses emphasize the importance of economic and regulatory drivers on interannual shipping traffic patterns. Shipping traffic is expected to continue to change off the U.S. West Coast and to increase globally. These changes in shipping traffic could have implications for the risk of ships striking whales and should be included in risk assessments.     

北部湾港口资源整合研究

文中系统分析了北部湾港口资源的情况，并分析了北部湾港口资源发展存在核心竞争力不强、“铁路瓶颈”制约、港口自身造血功能差等问题阻碍了港口资源的发展，港口资源需要进行整合。在探讨完港口资源整合具备可行性的基础上，进行了港口资源整合目的、定位、范围和模式等方面的思考，并在此基础上提出北部湾港口资源应该突破瓶颈，做到“六个统一”，走体制创新之路。     

Small scale retentive structures and Dinophysis

Despite its rarity, Dinophysis acuminata is in terms of economic impact, the first toxic algal species along the coasts of Western Europe. It is observed at low levels (< 20 cell l^− 1) all the year round but toxic events occur mainly in late spring and summer. D. acuminata ecophysiology is largely unknown due to the inability to culture it. Therefore, standard biomass models based on inorganic nutrition are largely inadequate. Presently, any progress in describing the conditions of population growth of this species will be a step forward to prediction of harmful events at the coast. This species has been observed at increased, albeit low cell densities in retentive eddies located in pycnocline layers. A concentration build-up of one species results from the balance between growth and loss processes, one of the latter being dispersal. The scales of interest for a D. acuminata population are of the order of 10 nautical miles on the horizontal and duration of 10 days, for a reported achievable growth rate of 0.6 day^− 1. A three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical model of the Bay of Biscay has been elaborated to reproduce hydrological structures over the last decade. We attempt here to relate the existence of retentive structures revealed from simulations under realistic forcing conditions and the toxic coastal events recorded in the 10-year time series of the French plankton monitoring network database. The eddies in the coastal area appear to be directly related with the Dinophysis coastal events and they may be a potential effective tool to predict those.     

福建兴化湾波浪条件数值模拟研究

根据兴化湾外的风浪资料建立数学模型,应用抛物型缓坡方程、Boussinesq方程波浪数学模型计算得到兴化湾深水区域以及工程区域的设计波浪要素,对工程的实施具有指导意义。     

科技攻关在杭州湾跨海大桥建设中的先导作用

杭州湾跨海大桥工程是一项技术挑战性极强的工程,科技攻关成为建桥成功的关键。概述大桥建设过程中科技管理工作的开展情况,内容包括科技管理工作重点及工作形式,并着重介绍重大科研项目的研究成果。     

日本东京湾港口群的主要港口职能分工及启示

由于日本东京湾内港口群职能分工合理,使得狭小的港湾内云集了6个世界级的大型港口,而港口间不但没有形成恶性竞争,反而取得了良好的增长业绩。通过对其职能分工经验进行分析,结合我国环渤海各主要港口的基础与优势,从而提出环渤海各主要港口的职能分工的构想。     

Sea level and Eddy Kinetic Energy variability in the Bay of Biscay, inferred from satellite altimeter data

Twelve years (1993–2005) of altimetric data, combining different missions (ERS-1/2, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Envisat), are used to analyse sea level and Eddy Kinetic Energy variability in the Bay of Biscay at different time-scales. A specific processing of coastal data has been applied, to remove erroneous artefacts. Likewise, an optimal interpolation has been used, to create a series of regional Sea Level Anomaly maps, merging data sets from two satellites.The sea level presents a trend of about 2.7 mm/year, which is within the averaged values of sea level rise in the global ocean. Frequency spectra show that the seasonal cycle is the main time-scale affecting the sea level and Eddy Kinetic Energy variability. The maximum sea level occurs in October, whilst the minimum is observed in April. The steric effect is the cause of this annual cycle. The Northern French shelf/slope presents intense variability which is likely due to internal tides. Some areas of the ocean basin are also characterised by intense variability, due to the presence of eddies.The Eddy Kinetic Energy, in turn, is higher from December to May, than during the rest of the year and presents a weak positive trend from April 1995 to April 2005. Several documented mesoscale events, occurring at the end of 1997 and during 1998, are analysed. Altimetry maps prove to be a useful tool to monitor swoddy-like eddies from their birth to their decay, as well as the inflow of seasonal slope water current into the southeastern corner of the Bay of Biscay.     

海口综合枢纽港建设的构想

根据海南省未来经济发展目标,对海口港建设成综合枢纽港提出构想,一是充分利用琼北地区海岸建设深水港的自然优势,选择与海口市毗邻的澄迈湾西侧的玉包角建设新的林诗深水港,二是在建设步骤上,先是调整和整合现有海口港的港口功能,即调整秀英港,整合和适度发展原有的马村港区,在此基础上启动林诗深水港,最终形成海口综合枢纽港。对于原计划在盈滨半岛建设的东水港港址,应充分利用其砂坝———泻湖海岸特有的景色,建成与海口中心城市相匹配的旅游度假胜地。     

汕头海湾隧道超大直径泥水盾构针对性设计及不良地质施工技术

为应对海域环境土-岩-孤石复合地层超大直径泥水盾构施工存在的重难点及风险,以汕头海湾隧道为工程依托,对泥水盾构的刀盘刀具、冲刷系统、主驱动等进行针对性设计以提高设备适应性,并在孤石处理、刀具配置、掘进参数、施工管理等方面采取针对性施工方案。通过采取以上措施,实现了降低刀具损坏、控制管片上浮、提高施工效率的效果,保障盾构安全、快速通过了不良地质地层。     

The Elliott Bay/Duwamish restoration program: A status report

Injuries to natural resources from the release of hazardous substances into aquatic environments have led to hundreds of millions of dollars in compensatory damages awarded under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and other legislation. The institutional mechanisms for negotiating and carrying out the terms of CERCLA natural resource settlements are still in their infancy, and each case has a unique set of injuries, assigned damages, payout schedules, trustee council membership and operating procedures, and environmental conditions and constraints. One of the settlements that has made significant progress toward large‐scale habitat enhancement has occurred in Elliott Bay, a busy, seriously impacted urban harbor in Washington State. The Elliott Bay case is unique among natural resource injury settlements because of the active involvement of two local governments, the City of Seattle, and Metro, who were named as defendants in a lawsuit brought by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) on behalf of the natural resource trustees of Elliott Bay. Both local governments have maintained, and continue to operate, outfalls that discharge into Elliott Bay, and both entities were subject to attempts to recover damages under CERCLA. Following the filing of the lawsuit over injuries to the natural resources of the estuary, alleged to have resulted from the operation of these outfalls, the parties involved negotiated a consent decree settlement. The Elliott Bay/Duwamish Restoration Program has established a process to redress some of the injuries that were attributed to the operation of these outfalls.