Application of analytical model in the prediction of dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers: Part II – Dynamic analysis of flexible risers in large-scale domain using a direct moment correction method

In recent years, the dynamic responses of flexible risers have been the focus of many researchers. Most flexible risers undergo a substantial level of irregular motion from environmental loadings, which involves a continuous slip of helical wires. The slip of helical wires especially leads to a hysteretic effect by reducing the bending stiffness, making it hard to predict the dynamic responses of flexible risers. The current study, as an extension to Part I, presents a new large-scale dynamic analysis method for flexible risers. The suggested method creates a large-scale model for the dynamic analysis that considers a geometric and bending nonlinearity of flexible risers. The kinematics of each beam element is formulated based on a Green-Lagrangian strain and the interaction with the seabed, providing a realistic analysis of flexible risers. In particular, the current study introduces a direct moment correction method that modifies the internal force vector using an improved analytical model. The improved analytical model is assigned at each node of the large-scale model and estimates an accurate bending hysteresis curve considering the effect of shear deformation and varying tension. The suggested method corrects the bending moment and shear force of all beam elements based on the bending hysteresis curves obtained from the improved analytical model, by which a complex bending behavior of flexible risers is reflected in a large-scale domain. As a result, this study achieves a more accurate prediction of the dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers. A new dynamic analysis program, called OPFLEX, is developed herein based on the suggested analysis method. Using the developed program, the current study conducts several numerical investigations to identify the effect of the shear deformation and varying tension. Consequently, it is confirmed that the shear deformation of internal layers reduces the fatigue damage of helical wires by delaying the increase of internal stress. It is also identified that the effect of varying tension deteriorates the fatigue life of flexible risers through a continuous change of contact pressure during bending.     

海洋工程用锚类型及其发展综述

海洋浮式装置锚泊定位系统的锚是使装置保持船位的关键设备。随着海洋工程的发展,已涌现出各种类型的海洋工程装置用锚,在锚的研究、设计和海上安装中大量采用先进的技术理论、试验方法和工艺技术,对各种海洋工程锚的特性、适用范围、国内外研究和发展情况作全面分析与阐述。     

张力缆系泊浮体的数值波浪水槽时域模拟

为了能够快速真实地模拟波浪与张力缆系泊浮体相互作用问题,基于二维边界元格式建立了线性条件下的数值波浪水槽,并以此为基础对张力缆系泊浮体与波浪相互作用问题进行了时域数值模拟。张力缆的作用以系泊刚度的形式表达。与其他学者的相关研究结果对比表明该计算程序是可靠的,该方法可以为相关海洋工程的设计研究提供有利的参考。     

基于灰岩地质隧道高边坡压力分散性锚索应用研究

本文结合实际工程案例,通过理论推导、对比分析,探讨了压力分散型锚索在灰岩地质条件下锚固段应力、岩体蠕变和张拉方式对锚索的影响,并取得以下成果:(1)推导出压力分散型锚索的切应力和轴力公式,对锚索在特殊地质条件下的设计及应用提供参考;(2)考虑岩体的蠕变效应,并推导其本构方程;(3)利用不同荷载张拉后补偿张拉最后整体张拉的方式,有效改善了压力分散型锚索因锚固段长度不同导致应力集中产生破坏的问题,并与监测值进行对比分析,以验证张拉方式的正确性。     

中小跨径斜拉桥索力优化的“二阶段法”

以影响矩阵理论为基础,以有约束优化法及正装分析法为核心,提出中小跨径斜拉桥索力优化"二阶段法",并结合算例加以验证.该方法省去倒装分析过程,可以快速求出合理成桥与施工索力,对中小跨径斜拉桥成桥及施工阶段分析的索力优化计算具有实用意义。     

斜拉桥索塔锚固区环形预应力束孔道摩阻试验研究

通过某公路立交桥索塔锚固区节段足尺模型试验,实测索塔锚固区内环形预应力钢束的摩阻系数、应力损失率和伸长量等数据,与设计数据进行校核、修正,并确定实际的环形预应力束张拉的摩阻系数以及初始张拉控制应力值．使环形预应力束张拉伸长值控制在合理范围。     

荷载分散型锚杆张拉方法探讨与研究

研究探讨只使用一个千斤顶时,对荷载分散型锚杆进行准确加载的张拉锁定方法.研究结论:荷载分散型锚杆张拉锁定应优先采用多千斤顶同步法.只使用一个千斤顶张拉一遍时,有整拉整锁、整拉单锁、补偿张拉及单拉单锁循环等几种,其中,整拉整锁法及整拉单锁法误差较大,工程应用很少;补偿张拉法对单元锚杆的弹性位移差进行了预补偿,较为合理,工程应用最多;按单元锚杆长度从短到长顺序依次张拉锁定的单拉单锁法能够满足大多数工程的实际需求.但这些方法加荷都不够准确.基于荷载控制的循环单拉单锁法,加荷准确,张拉及锁定荷载损失较小,施工操作较简单,张拉设备较小,适用于各种荷载分散型锚杆及各单元锚杆设计承载力不同的锚杆,是一种值得深入研究和推广的新方法.     

流作用下悬浮隧道张力腿的涡激动力响应

利用张力腿涡激振动方程，在考虑非线性流体阻尼和参数激励的条件下，应用伽辽金法和数值积分法。计算分析了参数激励频率对张力腿1阶涡激动力响应的影响，得出了位移响应、动弯矩、动剪力与参数激励频率的关系．计算结果表明，当参数激励频率为张力腿1阶固有频率的2倍时，张力腿的位移响应与跨中点的动弯距均达到最大。     

重锤夯实处理非自重湿陷性黄土地基的应用

非自重湿陷性黄土遇水后，在自重和荷载的共同作用下，其结构很快破坏，发生大量而剧烈的变形．强度也随之迅速降低，产生湿陷性。对于存在于天然地基上的路基，施工时应对其加以处理，消除或减少其湿陷性。汾柳高速公路路基施工中采用重锤夯实法对非自重湿陷性黄土路基基盘进行处理，实践证明该方法简单有效，值得推广。     

汽车推力杆热铆接工艺设计

主要介绍汽车推力杆的热铆接工艺及其试验方法。该工艺既能满足连接强度,又具有组装一致性好、生产效率高等优点,为汽车推力杆的组装提供了一种较好的工艺。