基于交通运行指数的速度分布聚类与排放测算

交通拥堵评价指标与机动车排放强度的关系缺乏论述.利用北京市浮动车数据,处理成分道路等级的交通运行指数与速度分布数据.以车辆排放测试数据、工况数据为基础,量化速度与排放因子间的关系.分析交通运行指数与排放因子的测算机理,选择速度为中间变量,建立二者的关系量化模型.为降低交通运行指数与排放因子关系的不确定性,结合速度分布的影响因素,利用K-Means聚类方法,对交通运行指数与速度分布数据聚类分析.研究发现按道路等级、交通规律相似的工作日/周末以及时间段(6:00-12:00时,12:00-22:00时,22:00-6:00时)交叉组合分类,快速路、主干路、次支路速度分布不确定性分别降低了10.1%、13.6%、14.6%,排放因子不确定性分别降低了10.1%,13.4%,14.2%.测算了各分类条件下交通运行指数与排放因子间的定量关系.     

基于J2EE技术构建的综合信息系统

J2EE技术是SUN公司推出的用于构建企业系统的优秀平台.文章介绍了一个基于J2EE技术设计和实现的综合信息系统,该系统具有高效、灵活、可扩展等特点.     

《中国舰船研究》2017年第2期目录

[1] 基于CFD的船舶横摇数值模拟与粘性效应分析…罗天,万德成（1）[2] 新概念高速穿梭艇系列船型及其直航性能…魏成柱,易宏,李英辉（12）[3] 喷水推进器流道对船舶阻力性能的影响…钱浩,宋科委,郭春雨,龚杰（22）[4] 两船并行补给过程中耐波性的分析…郑平宇,李鹏,刘敬喜,叶恒奎（30）[5] 舰船人—机—环系统工程研究综述…张玉梅（41）[6] PIV技术在某驳船模型强迫横摇水动力测试中的应用…王晓强,刘怀西,马山,郭春雨（49）[7] 基于CATIA V6的船舶风管数据分析…卢永进,吴波,李涛涛（57）[8] 混合式CRP推进器操舵工况水动力性能数值研究…徐嘉启,熊鹰,王展智（63）[9] 高效翼型舵在潜艇上的应用…周轶美,张书谊,卢溦,何汉保（71）[10] 非均匀来流中加工误差螺旋桨的轴承力数值模拟…于安斌,叶金铭,张凯奇（78）[11] 船舶碰撞机理三维解析法实现及恢复系数研究…刘俊峰,胡志强（84）[12] 球—环—柱组合壳结构的应力特性分析…熊景毅,刘勇,马建军（92）[13] 舰船动力装置多学科集成设计优化方法…曾凡明,刘金林,赖国军（100）[14] 燃气轮机热障涂层高温腐蚀研究综述…刘永葆,刘建华,余又红,贺星,刘莉（107）[15] 基于泵控液压舵机的潜艇深度及纵倾控制…徐超,刘刚,徐国华,李逢园,翟云峰（116）[16] 腹部作业型水下机器人控制系统研制…张玮康,王冠学,徐国华,刘畅,申雄（124）[17] 小水线面双体船五自由度运动建模与仿真…马建文,张安西,周兆欣,郭绍义（133）[18] 维修部位导向的可视性分析方法…方雄兵,李涛涛（137）[19] 舰船建造质量量化评价方法…付森宗,王鸿东,易宏（143）     

B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油公交车应用性能

以国三和国五公交车为研究对象, 对其燃用柴油与B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油进行了应用研究, 以柴油为参照, 分析了B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油对公交车动力性、燃油经济性、排放性与可靠性的影响。研究结果表明: 国三与国五公交车使用B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油的最高车速、直接挡25~70 km·h^-1全油门加速时间、0~70 km·h^-1全油门起步加速时间等动力性能与柴油相当; B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油国三、国五公交车HC、CO、PM和固态PM2.5数量排放低于柴油, 其中HC分别降低7.1%、11.1%, CO分别降低9.2%、8.0%, PM分别降低36.8%、8.4%, 固态PM_2.5数量分别降低4.7%、23.5%;B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油对国三、国五柴油公交车NO_x排放影响存在差异, B10国三公交车的NO_x排放比柴油增加7.9%, 但B10国五柴油公交车NO_x排放降低11.2%;在16个月的试验应用期间, 柴油公交车燃用柴油与B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油的月平均百公里油耗随时间变化趋势一致, 受夏季使用空调的影响, 公交车在夏季(7~9月) 的月平均百公里油耗较高; 国三、国五公交车燃用柴油与B10的月平均百公里油耗样本服从正态分布, 其分布均值分别为38.67、38.60、39.06和39.27L, B10公交车的百公里油耗与柴油相当; 与柴油比较, B10公交车油路故障率有所升高, 油水分离器和燃油滤清器是故障率相对较高的零件。应采取措施改善餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油的氧化安定性, 严格控制其水含量, 改善B10餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油公交车的可靠性。     

基于MOVES的车辆排放因子测试

应用机动车排放模拟器(MOVES) 的微观层次对车辆的排放因子进行了数值模拟, 采用便携式排放测试系统对试验车辆进行实际道路尾气排放测试, 基于测试结果从排放因子角度对MOVES输出的模拟值进行验证。分析结果表明: 在城市快速路上, 大型货车CO₂、CO、NO_x、HC、PM排放因子的模拟值与实测值的比值分别为1.40、0.72、1.01、1.05、1.05;在城市主干道上, 大型货车CO、NO_x、HC排放因子的模拟值与实测值的比值分别为0.70、1.07、1.07, 而CO₂和PM排放因子的模拟值与实测值的比值分别为1.63和2.12;在城市高速路上, 小型客车HC排放因子的模拟值与实测值的比值仅为0.34, 而CO₂、CO、NO_x排放因子的模拟值与实测值接近, 其模拟值与实测值的比值分别为1.22、1.05、0.86;在城市主干道上, 小型客车CO₂和NO_x排放因子的模拟值与实测值接近, 其模拟值与实测值的比值分别为1.20和1.10, 而CO和HC排放因子的模拟值与实测值的比值分别为2.25和0.53。测试结果在一定程度上反映了MOVES预测车辆排放因子的准确性, 表明使用MOVES模拟机动车排放因子时, 需要对相应参数进行修正, 才能更加真实地反映机动车排放水平。     

共因失效在定量安全分析中的应用探究

对于采用冗余架构的安全苛求产品,为证明其安全完整性等级满足相应的定量指标,结合IEC 61508和EN50129对共因失效的要求,探究共因失效在定量安全分析中的应用。通过TFFR计算结果对比分析,建议在分析证明独立性满足EN50129标准的前提下,定量安全分析可忽略共因失效的影响。     

连续小箱梁桥地震响应分析

以太原市南沙河高架桥工程为例,简要介绍了连续小箱梁桥抗震分析在实际工程设计中的应用,以供今后类似工程计算参考。     

Multi-period planning of closed-loop supply chain with carbon policies under uncertainty

Climate change and greenhouse gases emissions have caused countries to implement various carbon regulatory mechanisms in some industrial sectors around the globe to curb carbon emissions. One effective method to reduce industry environmental footprint is the use of a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). The decision concerning the design and planning of an optimal network of the CLSC plays a vital role in determining the total carbon footprint across the supply chain and also the total cost. In this context, this research proposes an optimization model for design and planning a multi-period, multi-product CLSC with carbon footprint consideration under two different uncertainties. The demand and returns uncertainties are considered by means of multiple scenarios and uncertainty of carbon emissions due to supply chain related activities are considered by means of bounded box set and solve using robust optimization approach. The model extends further to investigate the impact of different carbon policies such as including strict carbon cap, carbon tax, carbon cap-and-trade, and carbon offset on the supply chain strategic and operational decisions. The model captures trade-offs that exist among supply chain total cost and carbon emissions. Also, the proposed model optimizes both supply chain total cost and carbon emissions across the supply chain activities. The numerical results reveal some insightful observations with respect to CLSC strategic design decisions and carbon emissions under various carbon policies and at the end we highlighted some managerial insights.     

Decomposing passenger transport futures: Comparing results of global integrated assessment models

The transport sector is growing fast in terms of energy use and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) are used widely to analyze energy system transitions over a decadal time frame to help inform and evaluating international climate policy. As part of this, IAMs also explore pathways of decarbonizing the transport sector. This study quantifies the contribution of changes in activity growth, modal structure, energy intensity and fuel mix to the projected passenger transport carbon emission pathways. The Laspeyres index decomposition method is used to compare results across models and scenarios, and against historical transport trends. Broadly-speaking the models show similar trends, projecting continuous transport activity growth, reduced energy intensity and in some cases modal shift to carbon-intensive modes - similar to those observed historically in a business-as-usual scenario. In policy-induced mitigation scenarios further enhancements of energy efficiency and fuel switching is seen, showing a clear break with historical trends. Reduced activity growth and modal shift (towards less carbon-intensive modes) only have a limited contribution to emission reduction. Measures that could induce such changes could possibly complement the aggressive, technology switch required in the current scenarios to reach internationally agreed climate targets.     

Equilibrium scheduling of vehicle-to-grid technology using activity based modelling

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is a technology which can reduce the cost for power distribution network operators by storing electricity in the batteries of electric-drive vehicles and retrieving it when energy demands increase during the course of a day. Participants of V2G are reimbursed for offering their vehicles which can lead to changes in trip schedules when V2G payments are high and travelers are sensitive to the payments. However, prior studies have ignored the effects of V2G on travelers’ schedules. This research gap is addressed with a bi-level V2G market equilibrium model where the lower level model determines the equilibrium activity patterns as a result of upper level pricing and linear approximated AC flow distribution decisions. An algorithm is proposed for the model and illustrated on a simple telecommuting example where travelers can work from home and offer their vehicle charge capacity to the power provider. The model is then applied to the same case study from Lam and Yin (2001) to first replicate the lower level equilibrium problem as a special case when no V2G is present, and then to show the potential effects of the V2G policy to decrease locational marginal prices for a distribution network operator. The proposed algorithm for the V2G policy resulted in a substantial 20% increase in social welfare over the benchmark equilibrium without V2G.