High-frequency random vibration analysis of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads using a hybrid SEM–SM method

A hybrid Spectral Element Method (SEM)–Symplectic Method(SM) method for high-efficiency computation of the high-frequency random vibrations of a high-speed vehicle–track system with the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of rail pads is presented. First, the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) formula and Fractional Derivative Zener (FDZ) model were, respectively, applied for prediction and representation of the frequency-dependent dynamic properties of Vossloh 300 rail pads frequently used in China's high-speed railway. Then, the proposed hybrid SEM–SM method was used to investigate the influence of the frequency-dependent dynamic performance of Vossloh 300 rail pads on the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems at various train speeds or different levels of rail surface roughness. The experimental results indicate that the storage stiffness and loss factors of Vossloh 300 rail pad increase with the decrease in dynamic loads or the increase in preloads within 0.1–10,000?Hz at 20°C, and basically linearly increase with frequency in a logarithmic coordinate system. The results computed by the hybrid SEM–SM method demonstrate that the frequency-dependent viscous damping of Vossloh 300 rail pads, compared with its constant viscous damping and frequency-dependent stiffness, has a much more conspicuous influence on the medium-frequency (i.e. 20–63?Hz) random vibrations of car bodies and rail fasteners, and on the mid- (i.e. 20–63?Hz) and high-frequency (i.e. 630–1250?Hz) random vibrations of bogies, wheels and rails, especially with the increase in train speeds or the deterioration of rail surface roughness. The two sensitive frequency bands can also be validated by frequency response function (FRF) analysis of the proposed infinite rail–fastener model. The mid and high frequencies influenced by the frequency-dependent viscous damping of rail pads are exactly the dominant frequencies of ground vibration acceleration and wheel rolling noise caused by high-speed railways, respectively. Even though the existing time-domain (or frequency-domain) finite track models associated with the time-domain (or frequency-domain) fractional derivative viscoelastic (FDV) models of rail pads can also be used to reach the same conclusions, the hybrid SEM–SM method in which only one element is required to compute the high-order vibration modes of infinite rail is more appropriate for high-efficiency analysis of the high-frequency random vibrations of high-speed vehicle–track systems.     

Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

A linear complementarity method for the solution of vertical vehicle–track interaction

A new method is proposed for the solution of the vertical vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail. The vehicle is modelled as a multi-body system using rigid bodies, and the track is treated as a three-layer beam model in which the rail is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and both the sleepers and the ballast are represented by lumped masses. A linear complementarity formulation is directly established using a combination of the wheel–rail normal contact condition and the generalised-α method. This linear complementarity problem is solved using the Lemke algorithm, and the wheel–rail contact force can be obtained. Then the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the track are solved without iteration based on the generalised-α method. The same equations of motion for the vehicle and track are adopted at the different wheel–rail contact situations. This method can remove some restrictions, that is, time-dependent mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the coupled system, multiple equations of motion for the different contact situations and the effect of the contact stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for simulating the vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail.     

粘贴碳纤维布与钢板加固RC梁的承载力计算方法

根据提出的加固材料强度系数,并基于试验数据分析,分别提出了粘贴碳纤维布和粘贴钢板加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯承载力提高系数计算公式。研究结果表明,粘贴钢板比粘贴碳纤维布对梁的抗弯承载力有更好的加固效果。     

基于实体监测的混凝土导热系数分析

大体积混凝土内部温度场与裂缝息息相关,混凝土导热系数是分析温度场最重要的参数。调研了导热系数试验方法,包括:圆柱体法、防护热板法、热流计法,各种方法测得的导热系数介于0.37~3.99 W(m·K)。根据安仁铺船闸输水廊道侧墙混凝土温度监测结果,将混凝土构件简化为圆柱体进行导热系数计算,得到混凝土整体的导热系数为0.23 W(m·K)。利用计算得到的导热系数进行有限元模拟,计算结果与实际监测结果基本吻合。     

船体外板自动展开程序

在船舶结构设计中,外板展开图的信息是船舶设计建造的关键,它的精准性直接影响船舶的建造质量。利用Auto LISP语言编制的外板自动展开程序功能,阐述了按水线、纵剖线和边舱展开及自由展开几种外板展开模式的原理和实现方法,并就程序编制和使用过程中的注意事项作了技术说明。实践证明,该程序的应用提高了外板展开图的绘制精度,保证了图纸质量。     

梁板架空式轨道基础在陆域散货堆场中的应用

常规的实体斜坡式轨道基础占用堆场面积较大,为节省占地面积,综合考虑工程地质条件、各专业设施的安装、使用和后期维护,经多方案比选最终选用梁板架空式轨道基础结构方案,将附属设施、堆场内的排水沟与轨道基础合并布置,不仅可以有效利用堆场空间,而且方便施工和后期使用,综合经济效益明显,可为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

脉冲涡流测厚中的传感器提离效应补偿方法*

铁磁性材料的脉冲涡流测厚信号对试件厚度和传感器提离效应均较敏感,对壁厚特征量的提取造成困难。为了消除提离效应,提出了基于相对磁通量计算的信号处理方法。试验结果显示相对磁通量法对提离效应不敏感,其信号处理结果只与板厚有关。     

基于数值方法求解的周期加筋板声振特性研究

为了研究周期加筋板的声振特性,在文献所建立的周期加筋板声振理论耦合方程解析表达式的基础上,先给出一种便于编程的数值求解方法,然后研究加强筋间距对周期加筋板声振特性的影响规律。数值结果表明:周期加筋板的横向位移谱中存在3个特征区域;随之加强筋间距增加,周期加筋板的声振特性将趋于平板特性,远场辐射声压(SPL)曲线会向低频段偏移。     

基于改进粒子群算法的大开口甲板板架轻量化设计

船舶甲板板架是船体结构的主要组成部分,如何减轻其结构重量是船体结构设计中最为关注的问题之一。本文根据典型甲板结构特点并结合工程经验提出带支柱大开口甲板板架结构轻量化设计数学模型,针对粒子群算法在寻优过程中存在的容易陷入局部极小、收敛速度慢等缺点,结合粒子在实际寻找食物的过程中,大部分可以飞到其预期的最佳位置,而少数粒子由于受不确定因素影响,发生飞行偏离,提出一种改进粒子群算法。基于改进的粒子群优化算法和ANSYS参数化建模技术完成了典型甲板板架结构在强度约束条件和稳定性约束条件下的轻量化设计,获得了最优设计方案。