高职院校计算机专业与IT培训机构办学模式之比较

近年来,高职院校与IT培训机构在计算机专业教育上都面临着许多困难。本文从招生宣传、教学体系、学生管理、就业指导这四个方面,对高职院校计算机专业与IT培训机构办学模式进行比较。以求为高职院校计算机专业与IT培训机构联合办学找到结合点和突破点。     

基于认知负荷理论的二维教学动画设计

文章阐述了二维教学动画的内涵及其特点,从认知负荷的三种角度分析了影响二维教学动画中的认知负荷影响因素,提出了有效控制二维教学动画的认知负荷的设计原则,并在此基础上进行了案例分析,为二维教学动画的设计提供了参考。     

High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

南充下中坝嘉陵江大桥机制砂钢管混凝土设计试验与研究

以南充市下中坝嘉陵江大桥为依托工程,对利用机制砂配制C60微膨胀混凝土并用于钢管拱肋进行研究。探讨膨胀剂掺量、砂率对混凝土工作性能、力学性能和体积变形性能的影响,研制符合C60机制砂钢管混凝土指标要求的专用减水剂,并对设计混凝土配合比进行优化,以制备满足工程技术要求的拱肋钢管核心混凝土。     

Real-Time Transportation Mode Detection Using Smartphones and Artificial Neural Networks: Performance Comparisons Between Smartphones and Conventional Global Positioning System Sensors

Traditionally, traffic monitoring requires data from traffic cameras, loop detectors, or probe vehicles that are usually operated by dedicated employees. In efforts to reduce the capital and operational costs associated with traffic monitoring, departments of transportation have explored the feasibility of using global positioning system (GPS) data loggers on their probe vehicles that are postprocessed for analyzing the traffic patterns on desired routes. Furthermore, most cell phones are equipped with embedded assisted-GPS (AGPS) chips, and if the mode of transportation the phone is in can be anonymously identified, the phones can be treated as if they are probe vehicles that are voluntarily hovering throughout the city, at minimal additional costs. Emerging cell phones known as “smartphones” are equipped with additional sensors including an accelerometer and magnetometer. The accelerometer can directly measure the acceleration values, as opposed to having acceleration values derived from speed values in conventional GPS sensors. The magnetometer can measure mode-specific electromagnetic levels. Smartphones are subscribed with roadside Internet data plans that can provide an essential platform for real-time traffic monitoring. In this article, neural network-based artificial intelligence is used to identify the mode of transportation by detecting the patterns of distinct physical profile of each mode that consists of speed, acceleration, number of satellites in view, and electromagnetic levels. Results show that newly available values in smartphones improve the mode detection rates when compared with using conventional GPS data loggers. When smartphones are in known orientations, they can provide three-dimensional (3-D) acceleration values that can further improve mode detection accuracies.     

焊后退火工艺对S355J2W钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

通过显微硬度试验、室温冲击试验和冲击试样显微断口形貌分析,对空冷和退火两种处理的S355J2W钢焊接接头进行了性能研究．结果表明：适当的退火工艺可以降低焊接接头的硬度,消除其残余应力,使焊接接头的组织分布更加均匀,提高焊接接头各微区的冲击性能．     

基于VisVAP的改进双环相位感应控制

现有感应控制多是从自身入手,并没有结合信号相位,因此控制效果并不明显.通过研究美国NEMA TS2标准中的双环相位结构和感应控制的特点,提出了一种改进双环相位感应控制算法.并以临汾市自适应系统控制项目为依托,将VISSIM与VisVAP相结合,对这种改进双环相位感应控制方式在典型交叉口应用的有效性进行了验证.     

高速公路尾随相撞事件的贝叶斯网络致因分析模型

应用上海市高速公路1104条事件数据,基于专家知识和数据融合方法建立贝叶斯网络结构;利用服从Dirichlet分布的贝叶斯方法进行参数学习;运用团树传播算法进行推理分析。研究了上海市高速公路尾随相撞事件类型与不同道路环境条件之间的关系。在验证贝叶斯网络模型的有效性后,系统分析事件致因,并提出改进措施。发现重大尾随相撞事件易发生在大中型车与小型车之间;夜间易发生大中型货车的重大尾随相撞事件,尤其是凌晨0时至6时;路表潮湿状态下的非普通路段上易发生大中型客车的重大尾随相撞事件。结果表明贝叶斯网络建模能够更好的反映事件致因因素的多维性及关联性,是交通事件致因分析的有效方法。     

淮河出海航道滩头整治工程平面方案分析

航道整治需抓住工程实施的有利时机,在通航条件还未恶化前提前预防。以淮河出海航道(红山头—京杭运河段)大淤滩整治工程为例,利用平面二维水流数学模型对滩头不同侵蚀方案产生效果进行计算,分析若不对滩头进行守护将可能导致的后果,说明滩头守护的必要性,并结合河床演变分析提出滩头整治工程平面布置方案。     

基于显式有限元方法的二维楔形体砰击压力系数预报

利用LS-DYNA软件对二维楔形体入水问题进行研究。基于显式有限元方法,选用任意拉格朗日-欧拉算法,建立了包含空气、水和楔形体的完全耦合的二维有限元模型,研究流场的射流现象与压力变化情况,预报了二维楔形体砰击压力系数,并与已公开发表的模型试验结果吻合较好,从而为后续砰击载荷计算提供可靠的方法。