轻型汽车CO2排放测量不确定度评定

CO₂排放是汽车污染物排放检测的一项重要技术指标,它表征的是汽车排出污染物的多少和车辆能耗高低的参考标准之一,用以控制汽车使用中产生的污染物排放量,避免对环境产生损害。按照GB 18352.6-2016《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国第六阶段)》的规定使用全球统一的轻型车测试循环工况进行常温下冷启动后污染物排放试验,并对测量结果进行不确定度评定。文章阐述了轻型汽油车CO₂排放测试所用的测试原理、法规工况曲线、测试设备、数学模型等,通过分析影响试验结果的各因素来源,综合计算得出轻型车CO₂排放测试结果的扩展不确定度和相对扩展不确定度。     

汽车低压零部件瞬态时域波形分析与研究

电动汽车的低压系统,既包含低压供电的低压部件系统,也包括高压部件的控制部分,因此低压系统的稳定性尤为重要。低压部件在进行各类状态切换过程中会伴随产生一些特殊的瞬态脉冲,除了对自身工作造成影响,还有可能干扰到连接这一供电系统的其他部件,甚至造成个别器件的损坏。本文结合工作中遇到的大量典型瞬态脉冲,对它们产生的原理和条件逐一进行了归纳和分析,对于车企和零部件厂家的研发和设计有一定的指导意义。     

基于虚实融合技术的V2X测试系统研究

针对网联汽车在进行V2X功能实车测试成本高、危险性高、对场地要求高等问题,以被测车辆V2X车载单元为主要测试对象,开发一套基于虚实融合技术的V2X测试系统,依托PreScan及MATLAB软件搭建测试场景,背景车辆及路侧信息为虚,被测车辆为实,虚实结合构建了完整的V2X功能实车验证环境。以某车型搭载的V2X车载单元为被测对象,在测试系统中搭建了交叉路口碰撞预警验证环境进行试验,试验结果证实测试系统能够在保证测试安全的前提下进行V2X功能有效性的判断。     

基于改进两步移动搜索法的轨道交通接驳可达性分析

研究城市轨道交通接驳可达性对提升轨道交通服务水平具有重要意义。本文从居民出发地角度，运用基于距离衰减的改进两步移动搜索法，计算并对比分析从居民出发地分别采取步行、 共享单车和公交这3种接驳方式到达轨道交通站点的接驳可达性。以成都三环外地铁2号线和6号线沿线区域为例，运用ArcGIS工具分析区域居民出发地的可达性空间分布差异和不同接驳方式的可达性差异，并结合人口分布梳理轨道交通出行重点区域，挖掘出行盲区。计算结果表明：越靠近轨道交通站和越靠近城市中心的区域，3种接驳方式的平均可达性越高；总体上，步行接驳可达性最小，空间分布差异最明显；步行、共享单车和公交接驳可达性高的区域分别集中在轨道站 0.8，1.5，3.0 km服务半径范围内；公交沿线接驳可达性高于非沿线接驳可达性；通过对比可达性和人口空间分布，有效识别区域轨道交通出行的重点盲区、次要盲区、一般盲区和隐性盲区。     

Transit-oriented autonomous vehicle operation with integrated demand-supply interaction

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) represent potentially disruptive and innovative changes to public transportation (PT) systems. However, the exact interplay between AV and PT is understudied in existing research. This paper proposes a systematic approach to the design, simulation, and evaluation of integrated autonomous vehicle and public transportation (AV + PT) systems. Two features distinguish this research from the state of the art in the literature: the first is the transit-oriented AV operation with the purpose of supporting existing PT modes; the second is the explicit modeling of the interaction between demand and supply.We highlight the transit-orientation by identifying the synergistic opportunities between AV and PT, which makes AVs more acceptable to all the stakeholders and respects the social-purpose considerations such as maintaining service availability and ensuring equity. Specifically, AV is designed to serve first-mile connections to rail stations and provide efficient shared mobility in low-density suburban areas. The interaction between demand and supply is modeled using a set of system dynamics equations and solved as a fixed-point problem through an iterative simulation procedure. We develop an agent-based simulation platform of service and a discrete choice model of demand as two subproblems. Using a feedback loop between supply and demand, we capture the interaction between the decisions of the service operator and those of the travelers and model the choices of both parties. Considering uncertainties in demand prediction and stochasticity in simulation, we also evaluate the robustness of our fixed-point solution and demonstrate the convergence of the proposed method empirically.We test our approach in a major European city, simulating scenarios with various fleet sizes, vehicle capacities, fare schemes, and hailing strategies such as in-advance requests. Scenarios are evaluated from the perspectives of passengers, AV operators, PT operators, and urban mobility system. Results show the trade off between the level of service and the operational cost, providing insight for fleet sizing to reach the optimal balance. Our simulated experiments show that encouraging ride-sharing, allowing in-advance requests, and combining fare with transit help enable service integration and encourage sustainable travel. Both the transit-oriented AV operation and the demand-supply interaction are essential components for defining and assessing the roles of the AV technology in our future transportation systems, especially those with ample and robust transit networks.     

Investigating the Interaction Between Gluconobacter Oxydans and Bacillus M egaterium for 2-keto-L-gulonic Acid Biosynthesis in the Two-Step Vitamin C Fermentation

In the two-step vitamin C fermentation process, its precursor 2-keto-L-gulonic acid was synthesized from L-sorbose by mixed culture of Gluconobacter oxydans and Bacillus megaterium. The interaction between Gluconobacter oxydans and Bacillus megaterium remains unclear and it is a challenge to mathematically model the mixed growth of these two strains. The Monod-type equations were previously proposed to describe the coupled growth of Gluconobacter oxydans and Bacillus megaterium. However, in this study, we modeled the interaction of these two strains in a macroscopic view by introducing the population theory. Taking account of the fact that the density or concentration of Gluconobacter oxydans or Bacillus megaterium was hardly to measure accurately in the mixed culture broth, the data of concentrations of the substrate and product were used to indirectly investigate the relation between these two strains. Three batch experiments were used to validate our model. And according to the values of identified parameters, the type of interaction between Gluconobacter oxydans and Bacillus megaterium was concluded to be predation, where Gluconobacter oxydans was predator, and Bacillus megaterium was prey.     

Understanding adolescents’ intentions to commute by car or bicycle as adults

This study focuses on the intentions of adolescents to commute by car or bicycle as adults. The behavioral model is based on intrapersonal and interpersonal constructs from the theory of planned behavior extended to include constructs from the institutional, community and policy domains. Data from a survey among Danish adolescents is analyzed. It is found that car use intentions are related to positive car passenger experience, general interest in cars, and car ownership norms, and are negatively related to willingness to accept car restrictions and perceived lack of behavioral control. Cycling intentions are related to positive cycling experience, willingness to accept car restrictions, negative attitudes towards cars, and bicycle-oriented future vision, and are negatively related to car ownership norms. Attitudinal constructs are related to individual characteristics, such as gender, residential location, current mode choice to daily activities, and parental travel patterns.     

西安地铁2号线车站建筑设计分析

结合西安地铁2号线车站的设计及使用情况,对车站建筑设计的站位选择、换乘车站的换乘方式、车站空间开发模式、站内装修设计等方面进行设计分析、归纳总结。提出车站站位的设置应以人为本,以方便乘客、便捷换乘作为首要选择;换乘组织形式要综合分析论证,力求换乘距离最短,同时避免出现客流交通瓶颈;车站的综合开发方案应结合规划及客流需求提前进行研究策划,实现同步设计,同步使用;车站建筑装修设计应因地制宜,达到实用功能与审美功能的统一。     

iLOCK的安全模型和安全性分析

分析了iLOCK系统的体系架构,提出了系统的安全模型和安全性计算公式,并对iL-OCK各部分和总体的安全性进行了计算。此外还对影响iLOCK系统安全性的各项指标进行了分析,阐明了确保iLOCK系统达到SIL4级安全要求的关键技术。     

LOCOTROL系统在HX_D2型机车上的应用

介绍了LOCOTROL无线分布式动力系统在HX_(D2)型电力机车上的应用,重点阐述了LOCOTROL无线分布式动力系统的功能、原理及通讯方式,以及在长大组合列车中所体现出来的优势,为将来2万t交直流机车混合编组提供了良好的发展前景。