虚拟三维环境中汽车模型的照明设置

通过在虚拟三维环境中怎样对汽车模型进行灯光设置的研究,提出车身金属材质的具体设置方法,以及对虚拟场景中灯光的设置,以达到显示其形状、材质、气势等效果,追求虚拟三维汽车模型的艺术效果。     

中意车前围改型设计及模型制作

介绍了中意车前围改型的全部过程，对概念设计、全尺寸模型的制作、涂装评审等方面作了全面的阐述，以两个1：1模型为例介绍了三维造型中经常遇到的难点问题和解决方法。     

驾驶循环对车辆能量经济性影响的研究

本文依据国内外具有代表性的不同驾驶循环对一实际的内燃机汽车和一构思的混合动力电动汽车的能量经济性进行了分析。研究了内燃机和电机的运行工况分布，并利用内燃机的万有特性图和电机及其控制系统的等效率曲线以及各驾驶循环的相关特性分析了产不同结果的原因。最后对内燃机汽车和混合动力电动汽车的能量经济性受驾驶循环的影响情况进行了比较和分析。     

轻量化实景三维模型质量评定方法

以基于实景三维模型的BIM设计为导向,按照土建工程设计各阶段的不同需求,兼顾模型几何精度和纹理质量,提出轻量化实景三维模型数据质量评定方法。解决了轻量化后的实景三维模型数据质量控制的难题,为其广泛应用到BIM设计中打下坚实基础。改变了传统测绘数据成果的交付形式,从勘察测绘环节促使设计人员使用BIM技术,进而加快BIM技术的普及和应用,加强BIM技术应用的深度和广度,最终实现BIM技术在建筑行业全生命周期过程中的普及和推广。     

砂卵石地层台阶法施工隧道围岩-支护结构应力应变特性三维离散元分析

为了解砂卵石地层隧道围岩和支护结构的应力应变特性，以青海循隆高速公伯峡隧道为依托，借助PFC3D离散元软件对公伯峡隧道穿越砂卵石地层进行三维模拟，重点研究以密排短管棚预支护为根本前提，以三台阶预留核心土为施工方法的砂卵石地层围岩和支护结构的应力应变特性，并与现场实测进行对比分析。研究结果表明： 隧道台阶开挖时，围岩应力集中范围逐渐从拱顶过渡到拱腰，直到拱脚，对应的塑性区范围不断扩大，且密排短管棚对塑性区的发展有一定的“遮拦效应”； 围岩横纵向变形规律一致，主要是向隧道临空面产生收敛变形，且密排短管棚形成的梁拱效应限制了掌子面前方位移发展； 2种方法得到的初期支护变形规律一致，均呈阶段性变化，拱顶下沉累计值大于周边收敛累计值，且两者的最终变形量均满足规范限值要求。     

船体三维网格的自动生成算法及其图形用户界面的设计

本文介绍的三维湿表面网格的自动生成算法,不但可完成型值表各站型线的等弧长插值拟合,而且能够在沿船长方向的任意位置上进行站的加密和插值,从而自动生成三维湿表面网格。该算法的实现依赖于一套完整的图、形用户界面。此界面用Ｕｎｉｘ平台的Ｍｏｔｉｆ、Ｃ和ＧＬ编制,友好灵活,方便易用。     

Decoupled 3D moment control using in-wheel motors

Vehicles equipped with in-wheel motors are being studied and developed as a type of electric vehicle. Since these motors are attached to the suspension, a large vertical suspension reaction force is generated during driving. Based on this mechanism, this paper describes the development of a method for independently controlling roll and pitch as well as yaw using driving force distribution control at each wheel. It also details the theoretical calculation of a method for decoupling the dynamic motions. Finally, it describes the application of these 3D dynamic motion control methods to a test vehicle and the confirmation of the performance improvement.     

高尔夫A3型轿车行李箱盖有限元计算与方案优化设计

在对德国大众汽车公司生产的高尔夫A3型轿车行李箱盖的使用材料性能进行实验研究的基础上，建立了三维数学模型，利用I－deas工程软件对其有限元计算，并通过实地结果进行验证，最后提出了高尔A3车行李箱盖的优化方案。     

Using repeated cross-sectional travel surveys to enhance forecasting robustness: Accounting for changing mode preferences

Transportation system capacity and performance, urban form and socio-demographics define the influences and constraints conditioning the preferences of urban residents for different transport modes. Changes in characteristics of urban areas are likely to lead to changes in preferences for alternative modes of transport over time; as a consequence, statistical models to forecast mode choice need to be sensitive to both purposeful changes to urban systems as well as exogenous shocks. We make use of the 1996, 2001 and 2006 household surveys conducted in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area to study mode preference evolution and model forecasting performance. These repeated cross-sectional household surveys provide an opportunity to investigate aggregate structural changes in commuting mode preferences over time, in a manner sensitive to changes in the urban area. We focus on commuting mode choices because these trips are prime determinants of peak period congestion and peak spreading. We then address how to combine the three cross-sections econometrically in a robust way that allows for use of a single mode choice model across the entire period. Using independent data from 2012, we are able to compare the individual year and combined models in terms of forecasting performance to demonstrate the combined model’s more robust forecasting performance into the future.