正确确定内燃机活塞上止点位置的热力学方法

本文详细介绍了利用局部曲线拟合的多变指数法修正示功图上止点位置的原理及特点,作者在数学处理上作了简化并编制了计算机程序及绘图程序,使之实际操作简单、便于应用。上止点位置的精度可达0.05°～0.1°CA,本文最后提供了一个实例说明该方法的具体应用。     

A combined use of phase plane and handling diagram method to study the influence of tyre and vehicle characteristics on stability

This paper deals with in-curve vehicle lateral behaviour and is aimed to find out which vehicle physical characteristics affect significantly its stability. Two different analytical methods, one numerical (phase plane) and the other graphical (handling diagram) are discussed. The numerical model refers to the complete quadricycle, while the graphical one refers to a bicycle model. Both models take into account lateral load transfers and nonlinear Pacejka tyre–road interactions. The influence of centre of mass longitudinal position, tyre cornering stiffness and front/rear roll stiffness ratio on vehicle stability are analysed. The presented results are in good agreement with theoretical expectations about the above parameters influence, and show how some physical characteristics behave as saddle-node bifurcation parameters.     

餐饮物流配送路线的优化研究

近年来,我国的餐饮企业迅速发展壮大,随之而来的问题是如何控制物流配送成本,合理的配送规划将直接影响一个企业的成本控制、效率和竞争能力。针对餐饮业的特点提出一个规划方案:按货物品种来确定配送节点的方法,并以此为基础,分别从选择配送点和对路线变更方案进行了研究。最后的算例将提出的总成本概念应用到用最短路径方法中来求解最优路径,表明全面的成本概念在配送规划中的重要作用。     

西安地铁隧道中隔墙加台阶法施工诱发的邻近桥桩变形及其控制措施

采用FLAC3D软件预测了地铁中隔墙加台阶法施工诱发的邻近桥桩变形规律,结果表明:桥桩最大水平变形和倾斜率均超出变形允许值,必须对既有桥桩采取加固措施才能确保其在地铁施工期间的安全使用。提出了采用袖阀管注浆技术控制桥桩变形的措施,并制定了现场监测方案。实测结果表明,加固措施能够确保桥桩变形在允许范围内,证明了提出的变形控制措施合理有效。     

Ant Colony Routing algorithm for freeway networks

Dynamic traffic routing refers to the process of (re)directing vehicles at junctions in a traffic network according to the evolving traffic conditions. The traffic management center can determine desired routes for drivers in order to optimize the performance of the traffic network by dynamic traffic routing. However, a traffic network may have thousands of links and nodes, resulting in a large-scale and computationally complex non-linear, non-convex optimization problem. To solve this problem, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is chosen as the optimization method in this paper because of its powerful optimization heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is implemented online to determine the control signal – i.e., the splitting rates at each node. However, using standard ACO for traffic routing is characterized by four main disadvantages: 1. traffic flows for different origins and destinations cannot be distinguished; 2. all ants may converge to one route, causing congestion; 3. constraints cannot be taken into account; and 4. neither can dynamic link costs. These problems are addressed by adopting a novel ACO algorithm with stench pheromone and with colored ants, called Ant Colony Routing (ACR). Using the stench pheromone, the ACR algorithm can distribute the vehicles over the traffic network with less or no traffic congestion, as well as reduce the number of vehicles near some sensitive zones, such as hospitals and schools. With colored ants, the traffic flows for multiple origins and destinations can be represented. The proposed approach is also implemented in a simulation-based case study in the Walcheren area, the Netherlands, illustrating the effectiveness of the approach.     

Intermodal and international freight network modeling

The authors describe the development and application of a single, integrated digital representation of a multimodal and transcontinental freight transportation network. The network was constructed to support the simulation of some five million origin to destination freight shipments reported as part of the 1997 United States Commodity Flow Survey. The paper focuses on the routing of the tens of thousands of intermodal freight movements reported in this survey. Routings involve different combinations of truck, rail and water transportation. Geographic information systems (GIS) technology was invaluable in the cost-effective construction and maintenance of this network and in the subsequent validation of mode sequences and route selections. However, computationally efficient routing of intermodal freight shipments was found to be most efficiently accomplished outside the GIS. Selection of appropriate intermodal routes required procedures for linking freight origins and destinations to the transportation network, procedures for modeling intermodal terminal transfers and inter-carrier interlining practices, and a procedure for generating multimodal impedance functions to reflect the relative costs of alternative, survey reported mode sequences.     

列车运行自动调整研究回顾与展望

描述列车运行自动调整问题,回顾国内外研究进展,分析该技术的应用现状,并展望该技术未来发展的若干方向。     

参数化绘制城市工程管线综合图

介绍了城市工程管线综合图参数化绘图技术.该绘图技术有效地解决了城市工程管线综合图的绘图问题.参数化绘制城市工程管线综合程序可直接安装在AutoCAD软件中,并配有可视化交互界面,使设计人员方便、快捷完成城市工程管线综合图的设计绘图工作.     

基于ATMEGA16的电动助力转向系统设计

电动助力转向是汽车助力转向的发展趋势,本文设计了ATMEGA16单片机控制系统,利用PWM技术、MOSFET驱动电路和MOSFET桥式电路控制转向电机电流的大小和流向,进而控制助力的大小,利用PID控制算法实现转向电机电流的反馈控制。并分别介绍了系统结构和软件流程图。实验表明该系统能够实现良好的助力。     

60t门座吊车供电改造

60 t门座吊车是公司关键生产设备,主要用于分段、部件的吊运。其供电形式采用角钢滑触线供电,由于供电滑触线长度较长、平整度差,导致接触不良;同时,由于吊车行走轨道地势较低,在大雨、大潮天气条件下,还容易产生短路、断路现象,给生产造成较大影响。本文重点阐述对滑触线供电如何进行改造,排除故障,使其有效地为生产提供便利。