对《动态称量轨道衡》计量性能修订建议的试验分析

针对JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》的计量性能修订建议,使用规定的检定条件﹑检定方法对若干台自动轨道衡进行试验分析,处理试验的数据,分析试验结果,用试验数据证明试验方法的可行性。     

锥体铁路罐车容积检定方法的研究

根据锥体铁路罐车的结构特点,研究锥体铁路罐车容积计算方法、检定方法,采用"铁路罐车容积量传系统"对检定方法进行试验验证,确定了新型锥体铁路罐车容积检定、容积表编制方法。     

某新型轻卡转向系统模态对标及优化研究

转向系统模态控制是整车NVH开发的重要内容.文章针对某新型轻卡的怠速方向盘抖动问题,讨论了转向系统有限元模型的准确度影响因素,并与实测的方向盘频响曲线做对比.在模态及应变能分析结果上探讨了模态提升的主要方向,在此基础上优化转向系统主要部件,取得了较好效果.文章提供的转向系统模型对标及优化方法具有指导意义,对类似工程问题...     

Modeling car-following behavior on urban expressways in Shanghai: A naturalistic driving study

Although car-following behavior is the core component of microscopic traffic simulation, intelligent transportation systems, and advanced driver assistance systems, the adequacy of the existing car-following models for Chinese drivers has not been investigated with real-world data yet. To address this gap, five representative car-following models were calibrated and evaluated for Shanghai drivers, using 2100 urban-expressway car-following periods extracted from the 161,055 km of driving data collected in the Shanghai Naturalistic Driving Study (SH-NDS). The models were calibrated for each of the 42 subject drivers, and their capabilities of predicting the drivers’ car-following behavior were evaluated.The results show that the intelligent driver model (IDM) has good transferability to model traffic situations not presented in calibration, and it performs best among the evaluated models. Compared to the Wiedemann 99 model used by VISSIM®, the IDM is easier to calibrate and demonstrates a better and more stable performance. These advantages justify its suitability for microscopic traffic simulation tools in Shanghai and likely in other regions of China. Additionally, considerable behavioral differences among different drivers were found, which demonstrates a need for archetypes of a variety of drivers to build a traffic mix in simulation. By comparing calibrated and observed values of the IDM parameters, this study found that (1) interpretable calibrated model parameters are linked with corresponding observable parameters in real world, but they are not necessarily numerically equivalent; and (2) parameters that can be measured in reality also need to be calibrated if better trajectory reproducing capability are to be achieved.     

铁路超重车安全通过简支梁桥的运输条件

以限制超重车通过的主要桥梁种类——铁路简支梁桥为例,以超重车通过桥梁时的运行活载系数必须小于桥梁的检定承载系数为基本条件,通过调整装载方案、优化车辆编组及限制车辆运行速度3种运输组织措施,降低超重车的运行活载系数,分析各种运输组织措施应满足的要求并推导相关的计算公式。提出铁路超重车安全通过简支梁桥的运输条件:在满足装载基本技术条件的前提下,合理选择车辆并尽量减少货物重心的偏移,以降低超重程度;当超重车的长度小于桥梁跨度时,应使用隔离车将超重车与超重车或机车隔离;隔离车应选用轴距大、轴重小的车辆,并在超重车前后加挂同等数量的隔离车;应限制车辆运行速度,而且超重车重心的横向偏移量和纵向偏移量必须满足相关要求;若调整装载方案、优化车辆编组和限制车辆运行速度等运输组织措施均不能保证超重车安全通过桥梁,则应采取加固桥梁等其他方法。     

轨道检查仪检定台超高的复现和检定分析

介绍正切和正弦2种不同工作原理的常用轨道检查仪检定台的超高复现过程,以正切原理的检定台为例分析其超高检定原理,根据工作原理图推导复现过程和检定过程中的数学关系,为计量检定人员分析和理解轨道检查仪检定台超高的复现和检定提供参考。     

Robust calibration of macroscopic traffic simulation models using stochastic collocation

The predictions of a well-calibrated traffic simulation model are much more valid if made for various conditions. Variation in traffic can arise due to many factors such as time of day, work zones and weather. Calibration of traffic simulation models for traffic conditions requires larger datasets to capture the stochasticity in traffic conditions. In this study we use datasets spanning large time periods to incorporate variability in traffic flow, speed for various time periods. However, large data poses a challenge in terms of computational effort. With the increase in number of stochastic factors, the numerical methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality. In this study, we propose a novel methodology to address the computational complexity due to the need for the calibration of simulation models under highly stochastic traffic conditions. This methodology is based on sparse grid stochastic collocation, which, treats each stochastic factor as a different dimension and uses a limited number of points where simulation and calibration are performed. A computationally efficient interpolant is constructed to generate the full distribution of the simulated flow output. We use real-world examples to calibrate for different times of day and conditions and show that this methodology is much more efficient that the traditional Monte Carlo-type sampling. We validate the model using a hold out dataset and also show the drawback of using limited data for the calibration of a macroscopic simulation model. We also discuss the drawbacks of the predictive ability of a single calibrated model for all the conditions.     

光散射式数字粉尘测试仪的标定及测量结果分析

给出了光散射式数字粉尘测试仪浓度转换系数的具体标定步骤和计算公式,分析了测量结果误差的来源,并给出了误差分析的步骤和结果。结合光散射式数字粉尘测试仪的实际应用,总结了使用过程中应注意的事项。     

GEVO16型柴油机试验台设计

根据GEVO16型柴油机的试验参数,着重阐述GEVO16型柴油机试验台的性能要求,以及进气排气、动力室通风、机油、燃油、冷却水、测功及负载等部分,试验小车和微机检测、控制系统的设计基本参数和要求,经验证该试验台操作简便,性能良好。     

Using geometric primitives to calibrate traffic scenes

In this paper, we address the problem of recovering the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a camera or a group of cameras in a setting overlooking a traffic scene. Unlike many other settings, conventional camera calibration techniques are not applicable in this case. We present a method that uses certain geometric primitives commonly found in traffic scenes, such as straight and curved lanes, lane markings, and poles in order to recover calibration parameters. We show experimentally that these primitives provide the needed redundancy and are capable of achieving accurate results suitable for most traffic monitoring applications.