The symmetric intersection design and traffic control optimization

It is well recognized that the left-turning movement reduces the intersection capacity significantly, because exclusive left turn phases are needed to discharge left turn vehicles only. This paper proposes the concept of Left-Hand Traffic (LHT) arterial, on where vehicles follow left-hand traffic rules as in England and India. The unconventional intersection where a LHT arterial intersects with a Right-Hand Traffic (RHT) arterial is named as symmetric intersection. It is only need three basic signal phases to separate all conflicts at symmetric intersection, while it at least need four signal phases at a conventional intersection. So, compared with the conventional intersection, the symmetric intersection can provide longer green time for the left-turning and the through movement, which can increase the capacity significantly. Through-movement waiting areas (TWAs) can be set at the symmetric intersection effectively, which can increase the capacity and short the cycle length furthermore. And the symmetric intersection is Channelized to improve the safety of TWAs. The Binary-Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming (BMILP) model is employed to formulate the capacity maximization problem and signal cycle length minimization problem of the symmetric intersection. The BMILP model can be solved by standard branch-and-bound algorithms efficiently and outputs the lane allocation, signal timing decisions, and other decisions. Experiments analysis shows that the symmetric intersection with TWAs can increase the capacity and short the signal cycle length.     

Traffic modelling in system boundary expansion of road pavement life cycle assessment

This paper uses a case study of a UK inter-urban road, to explore the impact of extending the system boundary of road pavement life cycle assessment (LCA) to include increased traffic emissions due to delays during maintenance. Some previous studies have attempted this but have been limited to hypothetical scenarios or simplified traffic modelling, with no validation or sensitivity analysis. In this study, micro-simulation modelling of traffic was used to estimate emissions caused by delays at road works, for several traffic management options. The emissions were compared to those created by the maintenance operation, estimated using an LCA model. In this case study, the extra traffic emissions caused by delays at road works are relatively small, compared to those from the maintenance process, except for hydrocarbon emissions. However, they are generally close to, or above, the materiality threshold recommended in PAS2050 for estimating carbon footprints, and reach 5–10% when traffic flow levels are increased (hypothetically) or when traffic management is imposed outside times of lowest traffic flow. It is recommended, therefore, that emissions due to traffic disruption at road works should be included within the system boundary of road pavement LCA and carbon footprint studies and should be considered in developing guidelines for environmental product declarations of road pavement maintenance products and services.     

基于有限元的尼龙板热膨胀性能分析

尼龙材料由于其良好的机械性能及热性能而被广泛应用于各种生产领域,了解掌握尼龙板材在不同温度环境下的热膨胀变形对于设备的维护和保养十分重要。本文从材料的热膨胀理论出发,以有限元的理论为基础,详细讨论尼龙板材在不同温度下发生的热膨胀变形,通过有限元仿真分析尼龙板材在不同温度下的热膨胀性能,得出尼龙板在一定温度范围内的热膨胀变化规律。     

Integrating capacity analysis with high-speed railway timetabling: A minimum cycle time calculation model with flexible overtaking constraints and intelligent enumeration

Compared with most optimization methods for capacity evaluation, integrating capacity analysis with timetabling can reveal the types of train line plans and operating rules that have a positive influence on improving capacity utilization as well as yielding more accurate analyses. For most capacity analyses and cyclic timetabling methods, the cycle time is a constant (e.g., one or two hours). In this paper, we propose a minimum cycle time calculation (MCTC) model based on the periodic event scheduling problem (PESP) for a given train line plan, which is promising for macroscopic train timetabling and capacity analysis. In accordance with train operating rules, a non-collision constraint and a series of flexible overtaking constraints (FOCs) are constructed based on variations of the original binary variables in the PESP. Because of the complexity of the PESP, an iterative approximation (IA) method for integration with the CPLEX solver is proposed. Finally, two hypothetical cases are considered to analyze railway capacity, and several influencing factors are studied, including train regularity, train speed, line plan specifications (train stops), overtaking and train heterogeneity. The MCTC model and IA method are used to test a real-world case involving the timetable of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway in China.     

高速公路改扩建工程中的环境保护

通过对高速公路改扩建工程环境保护的研究,文章首先分析改扩建工程中环境保护的必要性,并对高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体内容进行分析,重点探讨高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体应用,对某高速公路改扩建案例的深入分析,提出四大环境保护措施。     

Fluent软件在膨胀节设计中的应用

针对Fluent软件流体计算能力应用于膨胀节设计中,介绍了在高温高流速介质下膨胀节温度场分布计算方法.膨胀节内流体介质为750℃的高温介质,且流速高达100 m/s.膨胀节采用双插式内衬结构,借助Fluent软件进行流热耦合计算,得出温度场分布情况.同时,基于Fluent软件对于通过波纹管流体的压降进行模拟,通过CFD...     

浅论桥梁伸缩装置的选型和施工要点

该文论述了几类常用的桥梁伸缩装置的构造特点和设计施工的基本要求,结合工程实际简要介绍了各种型式的伸缩装置在不同类型桥梁结构中的应用,包括伸缩装置选型的要点、主要的施工工艺和安装注意事项等。     

超长大体积钢筋混凝土结构无缝施工技术

结合首都机场滑行道底板施工,分析了超长大体积钢筋混凝土结构裂缝产生原因,介绍采用补偿收缩混凝土和设置膨胀加强带的措施来保证施工质量,并介绍了相关施工注意事项。     

信号交叉口车路环境对电动自行车释放膨胀特性的影响分析

电动自行车数量的急剧增长导致其在绿灯释放阶段膨胀特性明显,进而加重了交叉口的机非冲突、降低了车流的通行效率。利用视频轨迹提取技术,通过光流法的表现形式描述直行电动自行车在绿灯期间的膨胀特征,并根据其密度变化、膨胀差异和电动自行车对机动车的影响程度,确定出释放初期为主要研究时段;同时,提出了一种反映电动自行车膨胀变化的新型指标膨胀度,分别通过线性相关分析、秩相关性分析和偏相关分析,确定了车路环境中影响膨胀度的动态因素和静态因素;最后基于6个信号交叉口的实测数据,建立各因素与膨胀度的数学关系模型,并结合实际交通条件,给出不同车路环境下电动自行车的管控措施与渠化方法。研究结果表明：车路环境中的电动自行车流量、机动车流量、电动自行车过街距离、非机动车进/出口道宽度、机非分隔带设置情况这5种因素对膨胀度的影响能力各异,右转机动车流量与膨胀度相关性最高。此外,动态因素与膨胀度之间具有确定的函数关系,存在电动自行车与机动车流量均衡效益最大的优势区域;静态因素的差异会导致电动自行车膨胀形式的变化;膨胀度可与动态、静态因素构建复合函数模型。研究成果可为混合交通流的渠化设计和信号配时提供理论依据和技术支持。     

高速公路改扩建边坡工程的稳定性数值分析

针对某高速公路改扩建过程中对边坡工程的二次开挖卸荷的稳定性问题进行分析,采用有限元软件midas／gts对边坡的开挖支护过程进行模拟,得出了开挖边坡过程中的应力场变化规律,开挖同时应对边坡及时支护。并求得了支护后的边坡安全系数。