轿车车身结构动力学分析

利用有限元分析的方法对轿车车身骨架结构进行了动力学分析，通过对改变车身结构情况分析计算，研究了车身结构与其固有频率和振动的关系，结果表明：对于管式骨架式轿车车身，可改变钢管外径来解决共振问题。钢管外径和壁厚对其振型改变很小。进行局部加强也可改变整个车身结构的频率，而且对减小局部大变形有较好的效果。     

Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market

This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars.     

集装箱专用平车加装承载板实现滚装运输技术研究

为弥补应急情况下滚装运输所需平车数量缺口,同时为完善车辆自身应急保障能力,分析集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输需求,针对集装箱专用平车用于滚装运输存在的主要问题,提出在不改变车体结构前提下,通过加装承载板实现滚装运输的解决思路。结合集装箱专用平车结构特点,分析承载板的数量、尺寸、材质,设计承载板由承载面、横支撑架、渡板、斜支腿、受力面、绳拴构成,给出加装改造方法,并通过校核承载能力和研究适运范围,研究加装改造后的集装箱专用平车滚装运输能力,得出改造后的集装箱专用平车可以满足大部分滚装运输货物运输需要。     

Modeling time-of-day car use behavior: A Bayesian network approach

In this research, a Bayesian network (BN) approach is proposed to model the car use behavior of drivers by time of day and to analyze its relationship with driver and car characteristics. The proposed BN model can be categorized as a tree-augmented naive (TAN) Bayesian network. A latent class variable is included in this model to describe the unobserved heterogeneity of drivers. Both the structure and the parameters are learned from the dataset, which is extracted from GPS data collected in Toyota City, Japan. Based on inferences and evidence sensitivity analysis using the estimated TAN model, the effects of each single observed characteristic on car use measures are tested and found to be significant. The features of each category of the latent class are also analyzed. By testing the effect of each car use measure on every other measure, it is found that the correlations between car use measures are significant and should be considered in modeling car use behavior.     

车挡报警监控记录系统在地铁中的应用

分析了地铁车挡报警监控记录系统的基本功能、组成及原理;论述了该系统在地铁应用中的必要性和重要性;提出了设计优化方案,并对系统后期的发展趋势进行展望.     

Did Chinese cities that implemented driving restrictions see reductions in PM10?

Imposing driving restrictions is becoming increasingly popular as a policy intended to control urban air pollution. Existing studies on this topic offer highly mixed observations, and each study tends to focus on only one city. In this paper, we used 11 Chinese cities with driving restrictions as the treatment group, and compared them to other cities that did not implement the policy. Based on a propensity score matching and difference-in-difference analysis, we found no evidence of a decrease in PM10 concentrations in cities after they implemented driving restrictions. This finding may be attributed to an increase in the number of cars in these cities after implementing driving restrictions, but we also found no evidence of an improvement in air quality for a given number of cars after implementation of the policies.     

Dynamic demand estimation and prediction for traffic urban networks adopting new data sources

Nowadays, new mobility information can be derived from advanced traffic surveillance systems that collect updated traffic measurements, both in fixed locations and over specific corridors or paths. Such recent technological developments point to challenging and promising opportunities that academics and practitioners have only partially explored so far.The paper looks at some of these opportunities within the Dynamic Demand Estimation problem (DDEP). At first, data heterogeneity, accounting for different sets of data providing a wide spatial coverage, has been investigated for the benefit of off-line demand estimation. In an attempt to mimic the current urban networks monitoring, examples of complex real case applications are being reported where route travel times and route choice probabilities from probe vehicles are exploited together with common link traffic measurements.Subsequently, on-line detection of non-recurrent conditions is being recorded, adopting a sequential approach based on an extension of the Kalman Filter theory called Local Ensemble Transformed Kalman Filter (LETKF).Both the off-line and the on-line investigations adopt a simulation approach capable of capturing the highly nonlinear dependence between the travel demand and the traffic measurements through the use of dynamic traffic assignment models. Consequently, the possibility of using collected traffic information is enhanced, thus overcoming most of the limitations of current DDEP approaches found in the literature.     

车门内水切升降异响分析及设计优化

主要针对汽车车门玻璃在下降过程中由于内水切"咕噜咕噜"异响问题的研究,结合实车案例分析影响内水切升降过程中异响的原因,并通过不断的设计优化断面和调整CLD值效果验证,最终解决异响问题;弥补了设计阶段需注意控制的相关设计参数,为以后新项目的设计提供了参考。     

高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划协同编制研究

分析高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划的协同编制过程,提出了将两个计划一体化编制的思想。以需安排作业效益最大化为优化目标,构建基于动车组车底的高速铁路枢纽站与动车所作业计划协同编制模型。针对模型特点,提出瓶颈工序、启发式分配规则及粗粒度主从进程模式的并行禁忌搜索策略(PTS)相结合的混合优化算法,首先确定作业安排瓶颈工序,然后启动主进程和若干从进程,主进程运用启发式分配规则快速生成初始解分配给从进程,从进程运用与瓶颈工序相关的禁忌算法搜索优化解,并反馈给主进程,主进程记录全局最优解并根据交叉策略生成新的初始解,重新分配给从进程进行TS搜索。最后,用实例验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

Comparative analysis of household car,motorcycle and bicycle ownership between Osaka metropolitan area,Japan and Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

The interactions among different types of vehicle ownership including car, motorcycle and bicycle are examined by developing simultaneous vehicle ownership models in this study. Large scale person trip survey data for Osaka metropolitan area, Japan and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are used for empirical analysis. The results suggest that population density at residential area significantly and negatively affects car ownership for both areas, and that the effects are larger for Osaka metropolitan area than for Kuala Lumpur. Also, bicycle ownership becomes higher at higher population density area for Osaka area, while higher at lower population density area for Kuala Lumpur, which represents the different usage patterns of bicycle between the two areas.