地铁设计新规范之车辆基地设计体会

为了地铁车辆段工艺设计者更快地熟悉掌握应用地铁设计新规范,并创新车辆段工艺设计思路,通过对2013年版地铁设计新规范的学习,并结合笔者地铁车辆段工艺设计经历,对新旧地铁设计规范车辆基地篇章的主要区别及变化原因进行剖析与解读。归纳总结车辆段物业开发设计过程中的常见问题和应该把握的设计原则;车辆参数变化对车辆段工程设计的影响;车辆修程修制调整对车辆段规模的影响;运用整备设施设计参数的优化调整;检修设备设施及其他设施配置的明确调整等。     

地铁车辆段上盖开发相关问题及应对措施

对地铁车辆段上盖开发的内容、结构形式进行分类和分析,提出上盖开发的内容主要有公共建筑、住宅、公园及绿地等三类;上盖开发的结构形式有转换层大平台方式、核心筒落地方式、夹心落地等三方式。对由于上盖开发引起的行车安全隐患,盖下作业环境恶化,占地面积增加,建设费用增加,对消防交通及环境、振动和噪声、总图布置和检修工艺的不利影响等,提出应对措施。建议车辆段上盖开发应在较大的区域范围内结合城市规划进行综合分析研究,在城市中心地带,应做上盖开发;在城市的边缘地带,应在经济技术比较的基础上,确定是否进行上盖开发;在城市郊区不建议进行上盖开发。     

完全有组织排水技术在地铁车辆段中的应用

地铁车辆段在地铁运营中起着重要作用,但在工程实践中地铁车辆段常被暴雨侵袭出现积水,影响车辆段正常使用的现象屡见不鲜。针对这种现状,以某地铁车辆段为例,结合完全有组织排水技术理念,探究车辆段有组织排水技术的应用方式。在对大量车辆段暴雨特点现状调查与分析的基础上,通过剖析其排水体制,提出针对雨水系统的以源头减排来实现削减洪峰流量,采用虹吸雨水、调蓄池等行之有效的有组织排水技术。     

高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划协同编制研究

分析高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划的协同编制过程,提出了将两个计划一体化编制的思想。以需安排作业效益最大化为优化目标,构建基于动车组车底的高速铁路枢纽站与动车所作业计划协同编制模型。针对模型特点,提出瓶颈工序、启发式分配规则及粗粒度主从进程模式的并行禁忌搜索策略(PTS)相结合的混合优化算法,首先确定作业安排瓶颈工序,然后启动主进程和若干从进程,主进程运用启发式分配规则快速生成初始解分配给从进程,从进程运用与瓶颈工序相关的禁忌算法搜索优化解,并反馈给主进程,主进程记录全局最优解并根据交叉策略生成新的初始解,重新分配给从进程进行TS搜索。最后,用实例验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

Networking innovation in the European car industry: Does the Open Innovation model fit?

The demands of transportation have driven the automobile industry into an innovation race. Uncertain technological trends, long development cycles, highly capital-intensive product development, saturated markets, and environmental and safety regulations have subjected the sector to major transformations. The technological and organisational innovations related to these transformations necessitate research that can enhance our understanding of the characteristics of the new systems. The study investigates the applicability of the Open Innovation concept to a mature capital-intensive asset-based industry - the European automobile industry, which is preparing for a radical technological discontinuity. Purposely selected knowledgeable respondents were interviewed across seven European countries.The findings contribute to the understanding of the OI concept by identifying key obstacles to the wider adoption of the OI model in the European car industry, and signalling the importance of intermediaries and large incumbents for driving network development and OI practices as well as the need of new competencies to be developed by all players.     

Trade-offs between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints: A case study of an integrated multi-objective model

This paper investigates the performance of a policy decision tool proposed for multi-objective decision under different policy interventions. This tool deals with the trade-off between mobility and equity maximization under environmental capacity constraints. Two system objectives, maximization of mobility and equity, are formulated in terms of the sum of total car ownership and number of trips, and the differences in accessibility between zones. Environmental capacities are based on production efficiency theory in which the frontier emission under maximum system efficiency is taken as environmental capacity. To examine the performance of the proposed model, three types of hypothetical policies (network improvement, population increase and urban sprawl) are formulated. Effects are simulated using data pertaining to Dalian City, China. Results show that the proposed model is capable of representing the trade-offs between mobility and equity based on different policy interventions. Compared with two extreme cases with the single objective of mobility maximization or equity maximization, the Pareto-optimal solutions provide more interesting practical options for decision makers. Taking the solution based on the maximum equity as an example, the policy of urban sprawl yields the most significant improvement in both emission and accessibility of the three scenarios.     

铁路建设物资汽车运输单价探讨

铁路建设工程投资主要由工料机费用、运输费及其他相关费用组成。运输方面的费用通常占静态投资的3％-10％，而采用汽车运输物资的费用占到总运输费用的65％～90％。为此，合理确定建设项目汽车运输物资的单价就显得格外重要。此文结合有关计算汽车运输单价的规定和执行情况及存在的主要问题，分析影响汽车运输单价的因素。并采用既有概预算编制办法的有关规定测算汽车运输单价，与采用自卸汽车运输和路基运输定额测算的汽车运输单价进行比较分析，研究其影响因素和运价率的一般规律。提出合理确定汽车运输单价的建议。     

Driving to save time or saving time to drive? The enduring appeal of the private car

Use of the private car is often viewed as highly problematic. It is regularly associated with global physical, social and ecological harms such as climate change and the high incidence of lifestyle diseases, including heart disease. Attempts to address these problems generally include provision for day-to-day physical mobility based on alternatives to the private car. Labelled alternative transport, these modes include public transport, walking and cycling. Yet the private car continues as the preferred way to travel in many cities. A deeper understanding of this preference can reveal under explored sites of resistance to alternative transport modes.This paper contributes to these understandings by examining the role the car as a time saving device plays in sustaining automobility. Its central proposition is that individual decisions to drive are not necessarily motivated by the desire to save time. The paper draws on empirical evidence on the journey to work in Australia’s largest city, Sydney. Using a systematic process of trip substitution analysis, a group of people were identified who could use alternative transport to get to work in the same amount of time it currently takes them to drive. These people then participated in a series of in-depth interviews where deeper attachments and motivations for private car use were explored.This approach has enabled development of the multi-layered understanding that informs the central proposition that individual decisions to drive are not necessarily motivated by the desire to save time. Instead, automobility is sustained by appeals to flexibility and autonomy, as well as the interminable pull of the sensory experience provided by the cocoon of the car. This way of thinking about resistance to alternative transport exposes a series of inconsistencies between the expectations of those planning for, and those anticipated to one day use, alternative transport.     

哈飞路宝正面碰撞安全性车身优化设计

针对哈飞路宝轿车车身设计的具体要求,建立了用于碰撞分析的整车车身结构简化有限元模型,并利用该模型对车身前部结构的几种设计方案进行了选择分析。利用计算机模拟技术对整车车身结构的有限元模型进行了模拟碰撞分析。模拟结果与实车碰撞试验结果的对比表明,所采用计算方法和模拟过程正确,提出的优化设计方案可以提高该轿车产品的被动安全性。     

轿车车内空腔声学模态试验研究

利用比利时Lms公司的Test_lab模态分析系统测量了某轿车车内空腔声学模态,采用Spectral Ac-quisition模块测量了声传递函数,用PolyMAX(最小二乘复频域法)分析方法进行了模态参数的识别。通过试验分析获得了该轿车车内空腔共鸣频率和三维模态形状。该方法为控制和降低轿车车内低频噪声提供了参考,为轿车车内空腔声学模态提供了简单易行的测试方法。