Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

6S现场管理在货车检修生产中的应用

6S现场管理是针对企业生产现场管理的有效方法,符合铁路倡导人本管理的精神。结合铁路货车检修生产实际,指出应用6S现场管理方法的主要内容和关键要点。     

Sociological perspectives on travel and mobilities: A review

There is increasing interest in understanding and achieving changes in travel behaviour, but a focus on individual behaviour change may overlook the potential for achieving change via transformation at the levels of institutions, cultures and societies – the domains of sociological inquiry. In this paper, we review sociological contributions to the literature on travel and ‘mobilities’. We summarise four key themes which supplement or contradict arguments made in mainstream transport debates on behaviour change. The first involves focusing on travel ‘practices’ as social entities with dynamics of their own, rather than on individual behaviours. The second relates to the changing natures of societies, and the implications for travel. The third explores and interprets the issue of car dependence in ways which highlight the ethical, experiential and emotional dimensions associated with car use, its symbolic role in societies increasingly concerned with consumption, and its differing roles within different cultures. Finally, the ‘new mobilities paradigm’ highlights issues such as the increasing links between travel and new technologies, and the primacy of social networks in influencing travel decisions. These themes emphasise the importance of understanding the broader contexts in which travel choices are made. In particular, the implication is that the creation of more sustainable travel patterns will require changes at a range of social levels, not simply in individual behaviours, and that changes to transport will inevitably be linked with, and influenced by, broader changes in the values and practices developed by societies as a whole.     

捷达轿车火花塞的失效分析

通常火花塞电极间隙在0.6mm～0.8mm，捷达轿车用电子点火取代了传统的分电器点火方式，并使用了闭磁路点火线圈，从而提高了点火能量，其点火间隙为1.0±0.1mm。介绍了捷达轿车火花塞的性能、常见失效形式及维修方法。     

机车信号出入库巡更检测系统

介绍了一种采用精细电子巡更的机车信号出入库检测系统。从安全性、经济性、可靠性及可维护性等方面，对该系统在机车信号检测上的应用前景进行了分析。     

别克(BUICK)轿车发动机故障诊断

别克轿车发动机在使用过程中若出现故障，应首先进行故障诊断并提取故障码，对有故障代码的故障可按故障代码表指示的故障部位进行检查与诊断，对无故障代码但有故障症状的故障，可按故障症状进行诊断。该发动机常见的故障症状为发动机起动困难、怠速不稳、喘振、断火或缺火、回火、爆震、功率不足及燃油经济性不良等。阐述了以上故障症状与故障诊断。     

基于ADAMS的双横臂独立悬架的优化设计

利用机械系统动力学分析软件ADAMS,建立了带有转向系统的双横臂独立前悬架虚拟样机模型,并在ADAMS/Car模块中对其进行仿真分析.采用优化分析对悬架不合理数据进行优化,进一步改善悬架系统性能,以提高产品开发质量.     

T7型检衡车电气系统设计特点

T7型检衡车首次采用了先进的遥控操纵技术及具有自锁功能、自动开闭的电磁铁吊钩,起重小车、砝码小车均采用独立双绕组结构的双速电动机拖动,起动冲击小,运行平稳,检测的精度高;砝码小车配有牵引杆,可实现砝码小车推拉整车运动。     

论中国轿车市场上买主的分类与特征

中国轿车市场上有三类买主。第一类为公务车买主是国家,第二类为私务车买主,第三类为私人生活车买主。     

经济型轿车安全库存研究

建立安全合理的产品库存可以有效的为企业节约成本，满足需求的变化。文章介绍了国内企业通常对库存管理的一些规定．重点介绍了适用概率方法确定安全库存的方法．为轿车企业及其经销商确定安全库存提供了非常有效的方法。同时．考虑到实际运作情况．结合实际运距因素，介绍了如何确定企业的最佳订货点，对轿车厂家及其经销商的库存管理有较高的参考价值。