Comparison of road freight transport trends in Europe. Coupling and decoupling factors from an Input–Output structural decomposition analysis

Decoupling road freight transport from economic growth has been acknowledged by the European Union as a key means to improving sustainability. It is therefore important to identify both the coupling and decoupling drivers of road freight transport demand in order to determine possible factors that may contribute to reduce road transport in the future without curbing economic development. This research proposes an Input–Output (IO) structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to explain road freight transport in terms of a set of key factors that have strongly influenced road freight demand in recent decades in European countries—such as economic growth, economic structure and the evolution of road transport intensity (including improvements in both supply and transport systems). This methodological approach allows us to quantify and compare their contribution in different European countries to either increase or decrease road freight transport demand. The empirical basis for this analysis is a dataset of nine European countries which have IO tables and road transport data available from 2000 to 2007, comprising data on domestic production, imports and exports as well as tonne-kms for 11 types of commodity classes. The results show that, as a whole, aggregate road transport demand has grown—driven mainly by economic activity—but this growth has been strongly curbed in some countries by changes in road freight transport intensity and moderately by the dematerialization of the economy. International transport has been also proven to be a key factor driving road freight transport volumes. Moreover, the increased penetration of foreign operators in national haulage markets appears to have reinforced the final decoupling levels observed in some cases.     

波士顿中央干线/隧道工程建设纪实及启示

针对美国波士顿中央干线/隧道工程进行概述，分析并总结该工程在项目管理、操作实务和技术运用等各个方面存在的问题以及所采取的解决措施，以期为我国类似的城市地下道路改造工程提供有益的借鉴。     

The econometric estimation of airports’ cost function

The econometric estimation of cost functions has been proposed in the literature as a suitable approach in order to obtain estimations of marginal costs, efficiency levels and scale elasticities for transport industries. However, regarding the airport industry, no significant attention has been paid in developing an airport-specific estimation methodology rather than adapting the procedures applied to other industries. The lack of comparable airport data is one of the causes which could explain the scarcity of this literature in the past, as well as the use of very limited approaches to explain airport technology. This paper tries to overcome these limitations by developing an airport-specific methodology to estimate a multi-output long-run cost function using an unbalanced pooled database on 161 airports worldwide. The specification of hedonically-adjusted aircraft operations, domestic and international passengers, cargo and commercial revenues in the output vector, as well as the calculation of input prices are discussed. Both technical and allocative inefficiencies are specified in the model using a Stochastic Frontier method that has been estimated through Bayesian Inference and Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods.     

严寒地区铁路隧道中心深埋水沟设置长度计算方法

严寒地区铁路隧道防寒措施的合理设置直接关系到铁路运营安全。通过对已建成严寒地区隧道排水通道局部结冰情况和太阳辐射对应关系进行分析,隧道洞口的太阳辐射大小是影响隧道排水通道局部结冰的关键因素。为降低隧道冻害在铁路安全运营中产生的危害,量化计算严寒地区铁路隧道中心深埋水沟的设置长度,建立了隧道洞口太阳辐射评价标准,并基于已建成的位于严寒地区铁路隧道优化后的中心深埋水沟设置长度,结合太阳辐射指标、最冷月平均气温,采用麦夸特法(Levenberg-Marquardt)非线性回归计算出公式待定参数,得到了严寒地区隧道中心深埋水沟设置长度计算公式。     

上海市中心区常规公交线网调整策略研究

上海在大规模建设城市轨道交通线网之后,城市公交线网需要大幅度调整,中心区的公交线网会有结构性的变化.本文分析了上海市中心城区公交线网存在的问题,剖析了东京、巴黎的中心区公交线网的规模、结构和线路布设等特征.借鉴东京、巴黎的公交线网布设经验,结合上海市中心区公交线网的供需特点,提出了上海市中心区公交线网3种调整策略:减少...     

上海迪士尼乐园项目配套路网研究与方案设计

上海迪士尼主题乐园项目落户于上海浦东新区黄楼镇,根据总体规划,除主题游乐场外,周边区域将逐渐发展成为上海国际旅游度假区。为适应主题乐园及度假区产生的交通吸引,自2005年起,相关部门便组织展开了主题乐园总体规划及其配套设施的研究工作,并有针对性地提出了对上海市现有骨干路网的调整与补充,相关工程的方案和研究工作也在进一步深化中。在对总体交通规划过程进行回顾的同时,归纳总结目前配套道路的方案成果,以供进一步探讨和改进。     

基于CAN总线的车身中央控制系统的设计

本文设计一种基于CAN总线的车身中央控制系统,包括上位机与下位机实现通讯的适配器、中央控制器、组合仪表和故障诊断软件,并通过台架试验验证了系统的可行性。     

联合开发有益的尝试--"中原之星"电动车组的开发与运用

介绍我国铁路为适应市场需要联合开发了“中原之星”动力分散型电动车组,着重指出成功的原因在于：“中原之星”采用了动力分散型电动车组;装备了三相交流传动等新技术;用户参与了产品设计;改变了传统维修观念。在投入使用前充分准备,运行中强化管理。     

星点设计-效应面法优化SEBS改性沥青工艺参数

本研究应用星点设计 效应面优化法对SEBS改性沥青工艺进行优化。在考察SEBS含量、搅拌时间和搅拌温度对沥青性能影响的基础上,描绘了影响因素的效应面,并建立了相应的数学模型,得出改性沥青的最佳工艺参数。实验验证表明星点设计 效应面法适用于优化SEBS改性沥青工艺参数的研究。     

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北京2008年奥运会期间,北京市采取了一系列奥运交通保障措施,交叉口公交信号优先是其中重要的一项内容。本文首先介绍了交叉口公交优先和紧急优先的控制逻辑和控制策略,然后讲述了奥体中心区利用射频技术进行交叉口公交车信号优先和奥运VIP车辆信号紧急优先的实现方式和实现过程,简述了海信信号机公交优先和紧急优先信号配置方法;最后,对奥体中心区公交优先和紧急优先的实施效果进行了总结和评价,并给出了城市公交信号优先方面的几点建议。