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931.
Nobuyoshi?FukuchiEmail author Changhong?Hu 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2004,8(4):177-184
In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a field model of turbulent heat convection based on a standard k – turbulence model. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of a two-linked compartment fire were carried out in order to predict the turbulent convection flow induced by the heat released from the fire. Then a more complicated fire-spread problem of multilinked compartment fires was analyzed by means of a zone model, in which the amounts of oxygen consumption and gas generation were solved by a gas-balance equations system. The effect of threshold conditions on fire propagation and the effect of the thickness of the heat insulation were investigated with numerical simulations. 相似文献
932.
The paper focuses on the socioeconomic characteristics of workers at home and those who walk to work and these are compared with commuters (those who travel to work by motorized transportation). Understanding of such characteristics of these people is useful for purposes of designing policies that encourage these forms of "travel" to work, if it is believed desirable for planning or environmental purposes. For example, subsidizing public transportation may also have an impact on the proclivity to work at home or walk to work. Using a large census data set for Israel, separate subsamples are analyzed for heads of household and for their spouses. Metropolitan areas as well as peripheral urbanized areas are analyzed separately. Logit analysis is used to identify those variables that affect the likelihood of different groups of people to walk to work or to work at home.It is shown that walkers to work tend to be lower-income, less-educated people with lower asset ownership rates. Females are overrepresented amongst them, while "high-status" professionals are underrepresented. Workers at home appear to be a more complex group. They tend to have higher levels of education and wealth than commuters, but earn less on average. They include proportionately more females. The likelihood of working at home increases with home size and with ownership of some durable goods. The workers at home may in fact be comprised of two or more differing groups with contrasting characteristics, one higher-income and higher-educated, the other with lower socio-economic indicators. Because they may be a heterogeneous group, development of planning policies to encourage non-vehicle commuting may require different policy tools for the different subgroups. 相似文献
933.
934.
交通是能源消纳的重要领域,其对社会能源结构的调整和节能减排具有重要的影响和带动作用。在陆路交通方面,轨道交通和小型客运车辆的电气化发展方向相对清晰,而公路货运尚无明确的技术路线。为充分利用清洁能源,减少化石能源在交通领域中的使用,发展并推广电气化公路技术,对重载卡车的蓄电池、燃料电池、混合动力3种电气化方案进行对比分析,结合卡车负载的特点,对不同电气化方案进行评估。研究融合新能源发电及并网、混合动力技术、智能驾驶技术的电气化公路技术,从车辆动力技术、供电线路、受电弓与计费、新能源并网、编组智能驾驶运行5个方面对电气化公路方案进行介绍,可以实现公路货运系统的绿色、安全、高效运行。以10公里线路电气化为例,进行规划和成本估算,构建单车和区域(或路段)电气化的运营成本计算模型,基于燃油消耗和阻力分析2种方法进行计算。对车辆购置及改装、基础设施建设、可再生能源发电、系统环保效益等4个方面进行技术分析与成本测算。从供能技术变革、商业模式和推广路线3个角度对电气化公路技术的未来推广进行论证展望。研究结果表明:电气化公路技术的应用与规模化能够带来巨大的经济与环境收益,其中的混合动力方案与架空线输电方案为面对未来可能的储能技术变革与无线输电普及打下重要的基础,提供了拓展空间,也是重载货车实现智能驾驶的重要步骤;与燃油驱动相比,电驱动百公里成本减少96元,单一重卡年运营成本减少18.8万元,百公里污染物(如:碳氧化物、氮氧化物等)均减少50%以上。 相似文献
935.
与欧洲和日本等发达国家相比,我国公路隧道工程品质亟待提升。从国家战略、行业需求和人民需要3个维度分析开展公路隧道提质升级行动的时代背景,从8个方面解读其深刻内涵,并详尽阐述公路隧道提质升级的总体思路和技术要点。强调应关注的重点区域是隧道洞口、洞身和路面,最需要补齐的短板是通风、照明、消防、逃生疏散、交通安全设施以及智能化管养平台,并提出“设施是基础、安全是根本、养护是关键、管控是核心、预案是保障、品质是追求”,建议大力推进公路隧道建设、管理、养护、运营、安全、服务协调发展,打造安全、绿色、智能的公路隧道,助力我国由“公路隧道大国”迈向“公路隧道强国”。 相似文献
936.
140客位沿海单体高速客船 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
阐述了140客位沿海单体高速客船的主要要素,主要技术性能,型线特征,结构特点,总布置等,并论述了本船设计特点。 相似文献
937.
关于天津港泥沙回淤程度的评价 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
关于港口泥沙回淤程度的评价指标与标准,国内、外目前尚无专著文献.依据天津港多年的有关资料,采用“挖泥吞吐比”、“淤强水深比”两个指标,提出了港口泥沙回淤程度的分类标准,并对天津港总体和分区的回淤程度进行了评定. 相似文献
938.
939.
Information and communications technologies (ICT) and future and emerging technologies (FET) are expected to revolutionize transportation in the next generation. Travelers’ behavioral adaptation is a key to their success. We discuss the notion of managing traffic congestion by enhancing cooperation in road networks enabled with ICT and FET. Cooperation is an emergent social state related to the dynamics and complexity of road traffic and reinforced learning. Game theory and research in behavioral economics show that cooperation can be leveraged to efficiently solve social dilemmas similar to traffic congestion. We review the applicability of behavioral economics and game theory concepts to route, mode and departure time choice problems. Beyond advancing theory, research on cooperation in the context of transportation is still in its infancy. We discuss state-of-the-art methodologies and their weaknesses and review the unexplored opportunities inherent in game-based methodologies. A behavioral-technological research agenda for FET is also discussed. 相似文献
940.
刘晓芸 《广州航海高等专科学校学报》2014,(3):52-54
本文针对高校办学经费来湃由财政拨款方式向多渠道筹措办学资金的方式转变,管理业务日趋复杂,本文从控制环境、风险评估、控制活动、沟通与交流、监控等五个方面对高校内部控制要素进行分析,构建五个方面要素模型,实现对高校内部有效控制. 相似文献