兰新高铁化学固沙防护工程试验研究

基于室内试验,对4种固沙剂的各项性能指标进行了测试和分析,并在烟墩风区开展现场试验。室内试验结果表明:固沙剂的黏度随着温度降低呈增大的趋势,在-20℃时出现结冰现象;固沙剂浸水后表面有溶胀现象,但风蚀量均小于1%;固化层平均厚度依次为A型>B型>C型>D型,B型层厚最均匀;风洞试验中固沙剂的质量损失率都小于1%,均具有良好的抗风蚀能力;时效性A型最优,成本A、D型最高。现场试验表明:喷洒固沙剂的沙方格抗风蚀能力明显强于未喷洒固沙剂的沙方格,喷洒固化剂的沙方格有效地发挥了固沙作用。     

切削式吸能的惯性效应

在考虑切削热影响的基础上,采用数值模拟研究了切削式吸能过程的惯性效应,计算了不同初始撞击条件下的稳定切削力、切削位移、最高温度、热耗散能量和热耗散能量比例。计算结果表明:初始撞击能量为20kJ时,切屑生成时切削力未出现明显的初始峰值,稳定切削力变化范围为63.0~63.8kN,变化规律相同,变化趋势一致;撞击质量为200kg,撞击速度变化范围为3~10m·s-1时,稳定切削力变化范围为63.0~64.4kN;撞击速度为10m·s-1,撞击质量由0.4t增加至3.2t时,热耗散能量由4.12kJ增加到36.64kJ,热耗散能量随撞击质量的增大而增大,最高温度变化范围为586℃~602℃,热耗散能量比例变化范围为20.6%~23.2%,稳定切削力的变化范围为63.0~64.1kN。可见,在切削深度和刀具几何参数不变的条件下,初始撞击能量、撞击质量和撞击速度对切削力影响很小,切削式吸能过程的惯性敏感性弱,切削式吸能结构属于第Ⅰ类,而且,切削热占能量耗散比例大,撞击速度对其影响程度大。     

浅析化工专业英语特点及教学方法

文章通过分析化工专业英语无机化合物英文命名教学过程中存在的普遍规律,帮助学生尽快掌握无机化合物的英文命名。     

对置式凸轮发动机热力学仿真

为了分析评估对置式凸轮发动机的性能状态,在该发动机关键部件运动学与动力学分析基础上,建立发动机热力学模型,利用改进的龙格一库塔算法进行热力学模型求解与性能仿真.研究结果验证该特种空间发动机在工作原理和结构设计上的可行性,提出若要进一步提高发动机的热效率,发挥对置式结构的优点,必须对发动机尤其是配气机构的结构参数进行进一步优化.     

基质沥青和SBS改性剂的相互作用机理分析

从SBS改性沥青的材料组成特性出发,采用吸附理论、热力学理论、自由体积理论讨论了在加工、施工拌和与营运过程中SBS与基质沥青的相互作用,分析了不同阶段基质沥青与SBS改性剂之间的相互影响,表明在不同阶段SBS与基质沥青间的相互作用是不同的,在原材料选择中应充分注意改性沥青的这一特点。     

16500DWT成品油／化学品船总体性能设计探讨

本文主要介绍该船的线型设计特点,完整稳性计算,分舱与破舱稳性计算,总纵强度计算情况,有关规则与规范的应用情况。     

Should chemical tankers' tank cleaning waters be banned from discharging into the sea?

Entering of chemical substances into aquatic environment occurs either by involuntary accidents or discharging of chemical wastes resulting from tank washing operations of tankers carrying chemicals. MARPOL 73/78 Convention strict regulations on discharging of chemical residues left in their tanks to the sea, but permits the discharging of such residues provided certain conditions are met. In the present study; the period from 1996 to 2016 is examined and the number of new tankers participating in the chemical tanker fleet and the distribution of these tankers according to dwt tonnage is shown. The tanker fleet which consisted of 1.882 ships in 1966 reached 3.923 units in 2016. Accordingly, the volume of chemical merchandise carried by sea was 132 million tons in 1996, but it reached 287 million tons in 2016. According to the order books, it is understood that these figures will increase even more. The increase in the number of tankers and the growth of the capacities means that more chemical substances are transported at the same time and the tonnage of the chemical waste discharged to the sea is also on increase. Based on the scientific background which proves that chemicals cause biological accumulation and acute and chronic toxicity on aquatic life, and the results of chemical tanker development over the last 20 years that has been presented; It is necessary for maritime authorities to reconsider the legal arrangements for allowing chemical tankers to discharge chemical wastes from tank washing waters to the sea.     

Air–sea CO2 fluxes in the Caribbean Sea from 2002–2004

Air–sea fluxes in the Caribbean Sea are presented based on measurements of partial pressure of CO₂ in surface seawater, pCO_2sw, from an automated system onboard the cruise ship Explorer of the Seas for 2002 through 2004. The pCO_2sw values are used to develop algorithms of pCO_2sw based on sea surface temperature (SST) and position. The algorithms are applied to assimilated SST data and remotely sensed winds on a 1° by 1° grid to estimate the fluxes on weekly timescales in the region. The positive relationship between pCO_2sw and SST is lower than the isochemical trend suggesting counteracting effects from biological processes. The relationship varies systematically with location with a stronger dependence further south. Furthermore, the southern area shows significantly lower pCO_2sw in the fall compared to the spring at the same SST, which is attributed to differences in salinity. The annual algorithms for the entire region show a slight trend between 2002 and 2004 suggesting an increase of pCO_2sw over time. This is in accord with the increasing pCO_2sw due the invasion of anthropogenic CO₂. The annual fluxes of CO₂ yield a net invasion of CO₂ to the ocean that ranges from − 0.04 to − 1.2 mol m^− 2 year^− 1 over the 3 years. There is a seasonal reversal in the direction of the flux with CO₂ entering into the ocean during the winter and an evasion during the summer. Year-to-year differences in flux are primarily caused by temperature anomalies in the late winter and spring period resulting in changes in invasion during these seasons. An analysis of pCO_2sw before and after hurricane Frances (September 4–6, 2004), and wind records during the storm suggest a large local enhancement of the flux but minimal influence on annual fluxes in the region.     

氯化铁改性沸石的除磷性能与机理

为提高沸石对磷的去除能力,对天然沸石进行了氯化铁改性,通过静态试验比较了改性前后沸石对磷的去除效果,并考察了接触时间、磷初始浓度、沸石投加量、pH值和接触温度等因素对氯化铁改性沸石除磷效果的影响.同时利用吸附等温线模型、吸附热力学和动力学探讨了改性沸石的除磷机理.研究结果表明,氯化铁改性后沸石除磷能力有很大程度提高,对50mg·L-1的模拟废水磷去除率可达97.33%;改性沸石吸附除磷的最佳pH值为8;氯化铁改性沸石对水中磷的吸附动力学过程满足Pseudo second-order模型;热力学分析结果表明,改性沸石对磷的吸附是熵增的吸热吸附过程;改性沸石对磷的吸附平衡数据可以用Freundlich吸附等温模型加以描述.     

双腔室空气弹簧模型及动态特性研究

双腔室空气弹簧以其优良的隔振性能及刚度可变特性已经在部分高端车型和赛车上得到应用,但是对其动刚度预报的精确模型及动态特性的深入研究还不够完善。基于能量原理从热力学角度出发,结合空气动力学及结构动力学给出一套双腔室空气弹簧的精确模型并给出各刚度、阻尼项明确的物理意义。设计示功试验,选取不同振幅和频率的正弦激励对双/单腔空气弹簧进行试验验证。试验结果表明所提动刚度模型能够很好地反映出双腔室空气弹簧的滞回特性及刚度可变特性,也能够明确反映出动刚度的频率相关性。最后基于模型给出各参数项对动刚度幅值和滞回相位角的影响规律,基于试验验证仿真结果并给出规律的物理解释。研究结果表明：单腔室空气弹簧的动刚度频率特性相位角仅因热交换而存在一个峰值;双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度相位角存在2个峰值,主要是由热交换(第1峰)与小孔产生的阻尼效应(第2峰)导致;当激励频率趋向于无穷时,由于热交换不充分及腔室之间气体来不及进行交换,故单/双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度相位角逐渐趋向于零;研究得出的模型预报方法及动态特性可以对单/双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度进行准确估计,并给出了其动刚度的频率相关性及其影响因素与变化规律。研究结论能够对空气弹簧的整车动力学匹配及设计提供正面的指导。