基于某车型动力性能匹配设计与驾驶性验收

随着现代汽车技术的飞速发展以及人们对于生活品质的需求提升,汽车动力性、经济性和舒适性成为了影响汽车市场成功的主要因素,其中汽车动力性又是汽车最基本、最重要的性能。这种匹配过程必须从两侧进行,但实际上,发动机的特性占据首要地位,变速器的特性必须适应发动机来实现匹配。对于特定的车辆,在初步确定汽车造型、总质量、轮胎规格以及性能目标后,为使汽车发挥最佳的动力性、经济性和舒适性,合理的匹配发动机和传动系统各参数显得尤为重要。在这种情况下,本文通过对标竞品车动力性性能、经济性能的客观测试和驾驶性的主观评价,初步确定某车型的开发目标;然后搭建仿真平台并基于该目标以及现有的整车参数、发动机特性进行正向计算得到某车型变速器各档位理论总速比;再结合现有资源确定3组可行的速比,并使用搭建的仿真平台进行动力性、经济性模拟计算,确定最优方案;最终实车搭载并完成基础标定后进行主客观测试。结果显示车辆性能优异,主客观评价均满足开发需求。在开发过程中借助计算机,仿真软件等高效工具,大大缩短了产品开发周期同时又保证了开发车型的动力性经济性能满足设计目标。     

加强专属经济区内海事执法工作的探讨

随着世界各国越来越重视海洋资源的占有、开发和利用,国家间,尤其是沿海国之间在专属经济区的管辖和权力方面的争端也接连发生。各沿海国为了维护自身利益,试图通过《国际海洋法公约》的相关划界条款来争取更大的专属经济区面积。文中对专属经济区制度和中国专属经济区的管理现状作了简要介绍,并在分析专属经济区开展海事执法的必要性和法律依据的基础上,为海事部门加强专属经济区内执法工作提出了相关建议。     

沥青混凝土加铺层的技术经济性分析

文章运用寿命周期费用分析的方法,对国道322线全州-桂林段一级公路路面大修方案A和方案B进行技术经济性分析,寻求技术可行、经济性最佳的方案。通过比较得出方案A(加铺沥青混凝土)优于方案B(加铺水泥混凝土)。     

Influence of driving patterns on vehicle emissions: A case study for Latin American cities

On-board real-time emission experiments were conducted on 78 light-duty vehicles in Bogota. Direct emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and hydrocarbons (HC) were measured. The relationship between such emissions and vehicle specific power (VSP) was established. The experimental matrix included both gasoline-powered and retrofit dual fuel (gasoline–natural gas) vehicles. The results confirm that VSP is an appropriate metric to obtain correlations between driving patterns and air pollutant emissions. Ninety-five percent of the time vehicles in Bogota operate in a VSP between −15.2 and 17.7 kW ton⁻¹, and 50% of the time they operate between −2.9 and 1.2 kW ton⁻¹, representing low engine-load and near-idling conditions, respectively. When engines are subjected to higher loads, pollutant emissions increase significantly. This demonstrates the relevance of reviewing smog check programs and command-and-control measures in Latin America, which are widely based on static (i.e., idling) emissions testing. The effect of different driving patterns on the city’s emissions inventory was determined using VSP and numerical simulations. For example, improving vehicle flow and reducing sudden and frequent accelerations could curb annual emissions in Bogota by up to 12% for CO₂, 13% for CO and HC, and 24% for NO_x. This also represents possible fuel consumption savings of between 35 and 85 million gallons per year and total potential economic benefits of up to 1400 million dollars per year.     

A general corridor model for designing plug-in electric vehicle charging infrastructure to support intercity travel

This paper proposes to optimally configure plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging infrastructure for supporting long-distance intercity travel using a general corridor model that aims to minimize a total system cost inclusive of infrastructure investment, battery cost and user cost. Compared to the previous work, the proposed model not only allows realistic patterns of origin–destination demands, but also considers flow-dependent charging delay induced by congestion at charging stations. With these extensions, the model is better suited to performing a sketchy design of charging infrastructure along highway corridors. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer program with nonlinear constraints and solved by a specialized metaheuristic algorithm based on Simulated Annealing. Our numerical experiments show that the metaheuristic produces satisfactory solutions in comparison with benchmark solutions obtained by a mainstream commercial solver, but is more computationally tractable for larger problems. Noteworthy findings from numerical results are: (1) ignoring queuing delay inducted by charging congestion could lead to suboptimal configuration of charging infrastructure, and its effect is expected to be more significant when the market share of PEVs rises; (2) in the absence of the battery cost, it is important to consider the trade-off between the costs of charging delay and the infrastructure; and (3) building long-range PEVs with the current generation of battery technology may not be cost effective from the societal point of view.     

The role of the air transport service in interregional long-distance students’ mobility in Italy

This study investigates the role of air transport service in the attractiveness of universities to national students, examining how it might stimulate local economic development by attracting highly skilled labor. Examining the flow of Italian university students at the provincial level in 2003–2012, we find that the air transport service affects university attractiveness for long-distance students living at least 300 km from their university. Specifically, accessibility increases with the proximity of universities to airports, when low-cost carriers serve university routes and more alternative airports exist at the origin. Further, our results suggest that, over the last decade, air transport service has facilitated mobility of long-distance students from southern areas to universities in the north of Italy, where students generally move to increase their future prospects.     

交通经济带CA模拟研究

交通经济带(Traffic Economic Belt,简称TEB)是描绘区域经济组织形式的经济学概念,它将区域经济框架构成方式应用辐带状空间地域信息表述出来。本文在统计力学中的元胞自动机原理(Cellular Automata,简称CA)基础上,对交通经济带进行了模拟和探讨。     

交通条件对经济区位的影响——以苏通大桥的建成为例

文章以苏通大桥建成为例,介绍了南通在大桥建成前的经济区位条件,分析了大桥建成后对南通经济区位的改变及其对南通发展的影响,指出了交通条件对促进区域经济的发展具有重要的作用。     

旧水泥砼路面加铺沥青面层结构技术经济分析

文章结合某高速公路水泥混凝土路面大修情况,介绍不同路段采用不同的加铺沥青层设计方案,并就路面维修建设费用和使用寿命间的经济关系进行分析和研究,为同类维修项目提供参考。     

公路科技成果直接经济效益分析方法探讨

本文以工厂热再生技术、半柔性基层两项科技成果直接经济效益计算为例,认真分析总结了公路科技成果直接经济效益计算原则及分析方法,将直接经济效益分类进行计算,为今后公路科技成果直接经济效益分析计算,提供有价值的参考。