城市交通综合改善项目经济效益分析方法研究

通过分析综合交通改善的特点,抽象分析各子项目的影响范围,提出现有测算方法存在重复计算的问题。然后,分析各子项目经济效益产生机理和测算指标及其特点,得到对各子项目的经济效益测算是针对几种受益主体进行分析的结论,提出对客车、公交车、自行车、行人和管理单位等受益主体进行综合经济效益分析的方法。     

实质重于形式原则在企业的运用分析

依据新的《企业会计准则》,从会计核算的确认、计量、记录和报告等方面分析了实质重于形式原则在会计实务中的运用及存在问题。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区文化软实力建设刍议

鄱阳湖生态经济区文化软实力建设是提升鄱阳湖生态经济区整体实力和竞争力的必然要求，是指基于已有文化资源，通过采取相应举措，增强其内在的凝聚力、生命力、创新力和外在的感召力、吸引力、影响力。丰富的文化资源是文化软实力建设的基础。鄱阳湖生态经济区文化资源转化为文化软实力还面临内在凝聚力不强、对外传播力不大等诸多困境，提炼核心价值观、加强传播力度、推进资源开发、吸纳优质人才、强化合作交流、构建长效机制是破解困境之策。     

AN APPROACH TO THE ECONOMIC APPRAISAL OF AVCS MAGLEV

The purpose of an economic appraisal of a transportation project is to help select an efficient transportation investment plan. Here, efficiency means achieving the best transportation service from a given investment and the generation of net benefits at least as great as the costs of the investment. In this article, three future transportation investment alternatives in the USA are compared using the benefit-cost ratio method to illustrate the economic desirability of the AVCS Maglev alternative – an advanced vehicle control system based on magnetic levitation and propulsion. For the completeness of the economic appraisal and the provision of a guide to performing non-user benefit analysis for this promising ITS technology, the socioeconomic effects of implementing AVCS Maglev in the USA are evaluated based on the US National Development Model (NDM).     

Economic analyses of sea-level rise adaptation strategies in transportation considering spatial autocorrelation

This paper reports the impacts of economic analysis results on sea-level rise adaptation decision making with different economic analysis methods. The methodology was applied to Hillsborough County, Florida. A general conclusion is that partial shoreline protection should be implemented to reduce the potential impacts of sea-level rise on important land use, then transportation infrastructure is preferred to be protected or accommodated, and finally managed relocation should be adopted. More specifically, the results show that the best adaptation strategy is shoreline protection plus transportation infrastructure accommodation; the length of shoreline protection plays an important role in the economic analysis results, and shoreline protection and accommodation adaptation strategies for all areas are not recommended because of either high costs or low benefits; the value of travel time saving and spatial autocorrelation play important roles in the economic analysis results of accommodation strategy, which highlights the importance of including indirect economic factors and spatial autocorrelation impacts when making sea-level rise adaptation decisions.     

Humpback Whales in Tonga: An Economic Resource for Tourism

The growth of whale-watching internationally has been spectacular. It now occurs in almost 100 countries and is estimated to be worth in excess of U.S.$1 billion each year in revenue. Thus, whales have become valuable as a resource for tourism. The Vava'u island group in the northern part of the Kingdom of Tonga in the South Pacific is an area with a growing reputation as a whale-watching destination. However, the industry is relatively new there and the impacts of whale-based tourism in these islands is, as yet, unknown. In addition, there has been a recent consideration of a return to hunting whales in Tonga. As a result, concerns regarding the value of these animals for tourism and the potential impact of a return to hunting have arisen. Consequently, a study was designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the economic impacts of these animals for the island community. This study estimates that humpback whales may be worth in excess of U.S.$700,000 annually as a tourism attraction and that there is significant potential for future growth. Furthermore, the study shows that current visitors are opposed to any resumption of whaling practices in the islands and that such a move would likely displace large numbers of tourists from Tonga. Thus, it is concluded that a resumption of whaling in Tonga would likely have a significant opportunity cost in terms of lost tourism revenues.     

Transit investment and economic development

This paper describes the development of approaches to analysing the links between investment in transit and economic development. It indicates the need to bring together disparate approaches from urban economics and transportation economics to get a full understanding and uses recent results on agglomeration economies to present a more rigorous model of the wider economic benefits of transit investment. Although the evidence increasingly points towards identifiable benefits over and above those captured in conventional transport cost-benefit analysis, the chapter counsels against the assumption of simple rules.     

京津冀地区城际快速铁路网形成要素分析

研究目的：在京津冀地区城际快速铁路网规划的基础上，结合城际铁路的客流特点及功能定位分析，着重分析论述这一区域形成规划的城际快速铁路网的主要要素。 研究方法：结合城际铁路客流特征及功能定位分析，通过对该区域社会经济、城市群及交通经济带这三方面要素现状存在的主要问题及未来发展趋势分析论述，确定支撑区域城际铁路网的主要要素。 研究结果：京津冀地区社会经济、城市群及交通经济带形成与发展方面具有得天独厚的区位优势和资源优势，这三个要素的形成与发展必将带来区域内各城市问商务、旅游、探亲等人员出行次数的增加，从而形成强大的区域内城市之间旅客交流，支撑规划的该区域城际快速铁路网。 研究结论：社会经济、城市群及交通经济带形成与发展是支撑该区域城际快速铁路网形成的主要要素。     

柏家沟中桥加宽改造工程

介绍柏家沟中桥原状及有关情况,分析病害缘由,提出改造方案,通过经济比较,确定加宽改造,改善了车辆荷载的通行能力.     

企业标准化的作用及几点建议

介绍了企业标准化的概念和重要意义，以及目前企业标准化工作存在的问题，并提出了发挥企业标准化积极作用的建议和措施。