鲁棒实时钢轨表面擦伤检测算法研究

应用图像处理和模式识别技术,分析高速线阵扫描相机采集的钢轨数字图像,提出鲁棒实时的钢轨表面擦伤检测算法。这种算法首先分析采集图像在垂直方向的投影曲线,提取准确钢轨图像;之后,借鉴人类视觉对比度感知机理,将钢轨灰度图转换为灰度对比图,并基于最大熵原理进行二值化处理,分割出可疑擦伤区域;然后根据经验知识判定钢轨表面的可疑擦伤。实验验证表明:新算法的检测性能高,平均准确率为90.7%,平均漏检率为3.95%;检测速度快,平均检测时间不超过40 ms。     

轨道交通电工电子设备的绝缘配合（上）

从绝缘配合的基本概念及TBff3251．1—2010《轨道交通绝缘配合第1部分：基本要求电工电子设备的电气间隙和爬电距离》的制定背景出发,阐述确定绝缘配合的因素,包括额定绝缘电压、过电康类别、污染等级、绝缘材料及海拔等,以及获得所需电气间隙和爬电距离的步骤,说明过电压防护仿真的作用和参数,解释绝缘试验中的实际问题,以便理解和执行TB/T3251．1—2010。     

钢轨焊接接头平直度测量方法及分析

直尺+塞尺法测量焊接接头平直度有一定的局限性,有时不能真实反映焊接接头的实际平顺程度。采用SEC(Straight Edge Compact)电子平直尺(仪)测量钢轨焊接接头平直度,通过分析1m范围内的平直度曲线,得出4种典型曲线。根据不同类型的平直度曲线,可找出造成超差的原因,并制定出有效的改进焊接和打磨工艺措施。     

Developing metro-based accessibility: Three aspects of China’s Rail+Property practice

Populous Chinese cities have invested heavily in metro systems and planned proactively for transit-oriented development. Rail plus property (R+P) programs, where metro corporations engage in, and even orchestrate real estate development in or around rail station areas, have been recurrently reported among these cities. However, careful assessment of these programs is still rare in the existing literature. Built upon multiple R+P programs led by Shenzhen Metro Cooperation and/or Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Cooperation, this article fathoms the rationale for R+P programs in Mainland China, the obstacles for oversea private investors’ participation and the balance between profit making and social goods supply. It finds that R+P programs serve as alternative funding sources for expensive metro projects. It decreases municipal governments’ cash flow contribution to those projects, which is mandated by the central government. In addition, local business environment for R+P projects has disadvantaged private sector participation, especially those private investors from overseas. Furthermore, public subsidy to local metro corporations is likely to persist as R+P programs have not been designed for economic value maximization; rather, they are in place because (1) they reduce the cash flow burden of the municipal government; (2) they are tasked by the municipal government to produce a considerable number of affordable public housing.     

投入产出模型在重庆港经济贡献中的应用研究

在重庆发展总体战略部署和内陆保税港区的建设中,重庆港口被赋予了千载难逢的发展机遇和重大责任,为了更深入把握重庆港投入与城市经济互动关系,合理引导港口投资建设,促进港口可持续发展,结合投入产出模型量化分析了重庆港投入产出中港口效益和社会效益比例关系,同时预测了重庆港口的国民经济贡献率。在此过程中介绍了港口直接经济效益、间接经济效益包括的范围,提出了港口增加值的计算方法。     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

快速公交(BRT)线路布设优化算法研究

快速公交(BRT)在我国方兴未艾,而目前缺乏实用的快速公交线网布局优化方法。针对传统直达客流方法应用于快速公交线网布局优化的不足,根据快速公交的特点和功能定位,提出了以直达客流运输密度最大和直达客流绕行系数最小为目标的快速公交线网布局双层非线性优化模型,对模型合理性进行了论证,并提出了简单容易操作的实用求解算法。     

对三峡水库水位消落期重庆主城港区通航安全的思考

随着国家推进西部大开发和2020年重庆建成长江上游航运中心的提速,长江上游航运发展迅猛,但重庆主城港区目前的航道条件已不能满足航运发展需要,且由于受长江上游来水和三峡水库水位影响大,每年在＂三区＂（＂库区＂、＂回水变动区＂、＂山区＂）交替中运行,对船舶航行安全造成一定影响。文中通过对三峡水库消落期重庆主城港区通航条件、通航情况、影响通航安全的因素进行分析,提出安全管理的思考。     

Passenger railway reform in the last 20 years - European experience reconsidered

It is about 20 years since the rail reform process in Europe began with the separation of infrastructure from operations in Sweden. This paper reviews the entire process, examining the objectives of reform, the different models adopted, and the key elements of separation of infrastructure from operations, competition both through open access and franchising and regulation and infrastructure charging. It is concluded that separation of infrastructure from operations involves costs, but is the most effective way of achieving within mode competition. Where operations do not greatly overlap and open access passenger and freight are unimportant, leasing infrastructure to passenger franchisees may be effective, but the model of vertical integration as separate subsidiaries within a holding company structure makes it difficult to ensure a level playing field for new entrants and is only effective where the vertically integrated operator remains dominant.