控制高速列车环境噪声的对策

简述了高速列车投入运用后,在防治铁路沿线的振动和噪声污染方面应采取的控制对策。其控制对策主要有:从列车结构上控制噪声源,控制构造物噪声,合理设置隧道断面和线间距,合理布置路网和调整城市规划,设置隔声屏障及线路两旁绿化等。     

高速列车司机室内气动噪声预测

为了降低司机室内的噪声,采用大涡模拟法计算了高速列车车头曲面的脉动压力,将脉动压力作为头车司机室有限元分析的激励载荷,通过谐响应分析求得司机室壁板的振动速度,将振动速度作为司机室声场边界元模型的激励条件,求出了司机室内的气动噪声在不同频率点的声压分布。计算结果表明:司机室内的声压级在52·3~58·8dB(A)之间变化,声压级较大点位于司机室前窗玻璃向车顶过渡处及纵向中截面型线附近,且在50~315Hz之间,声压幅值较大;司机室内的气动噪声主要是低频噪声,对纵向中截面型线采取更平滑的过渡形式,可降低司机室内的气动噪声。     

Modeling Feedback Scheme of Empty Cars in Unloading End of Heavy Haul Railway

The transportation organization of heavy haul railway is complex in China, especially, the feedback of empty cars. On the basis of reference to the existing research results, and deep analysis of the characteristics of empty cars distribution of heavy haul railway, the authors construct the feedback schematic model of empty cars in unloading end of heavy haul railway. The minimum quantity of the combined trains and the time for combination is taken as the model goal and solution algorithm on the basis of minimum cost and maximum flow is formulated. Daqin railway is taken as an example and relevant conclusions of feedback scheme of empty cars of heavy haul railway, through an analysis of calculation results, are drawn.     

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直达列车多点装卸取送顺序直接关系到铁路货车运用效率;文章考虑车辆行驶时间及装卸时间的不确定性,假设它们为服从正态分布的随机变量,经过分析,在给定置信水平下,提出了调车机车作业中断时间的计算方法,并结合算法设计建立了极小化调车机车作业中断时间的最佳取送模型;利用遗传算法的原理及方法对取送顺序方案进行了研究,构造了解决该问题的单亲遗传算法;通过从遗传算法对算例的计算过程和结果可见,该算法求解直达列车多点装卸取送问题取得了较好的效果。     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

移动式布料皮带机在双护盾TBM出碴中的应用

隧道TBM施工采用有轨运输方式出碴时,掘进过程中矿车卸碴布料涉及工序较多,且牵引列车编组的内燃机车持续运行会增加尾气排放,造成隧道内空气污染。应用于青岛地铁隧道施工的双护盾TBM的后配套配置了移动式布料皮带机,该皮带机可实现往复移动和正反向运行为矿车卸碴布料。对该移动式布料皮带机的工作原理、结构组成、移动方式、张紧方式和驱动方式等进行研究,并分析其应用效果。实践证明,该技术应用于TBM后配套出碴可行、实用,简化了施工工序并提高了工作效率。     

基于特征的高速列车铝合金车体断面参数化建模

针对高速列车铝合金车体断面结构复杂、设计周期长和建模效率低等特点,提出了一种基于特征的高速列车铝合金车体断面参数的建模方法.引入特征概念,定义车体断面型材的特征及其拓扑关系,采用CATIA系统中CAA二次开发技术,对车体断面的轮廓和车体断面型材的特征进行参数化建模,建立车体断面型材的特征库,通过车体断面的骨架进行自动装配设计;最后以某型车铝合金车体断面参数化建模为例验证该方法的正确性和有效性.     

高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统研制

为提高高速列车车轮优化设计过程中车轮强度评价的效率,开发了高速列车车轮强度快速评价系统.基于数据库的车轮设计参数,利用ANSYS二次开发技术在ANSYS环境中驱动车轮三维模型的自动重建,以期望的网格密度,完成车轮模型的网格划分,继而按照车轮强度评价标准规定的工况,自动生成相应的强度分析前处理模型.调用ANSYS求解器完成强度仿真分析,最后进行数据后处理得到评价结论.以某型动车组车轮为例,通过人工计算与本文自动计算的结果对比,验证所开发系统的可靠性.     

基于多智能体的地铁列车运行调整方法

针对移动闭塞条件下地铁列车运行的特点,将降低列车群的总晚点时间和提高相邻列车对客流的吸纳水平作为性能指标,建立地铁列车运行调整模型。应用Agent、多Agent协作技术,构建地铁列车Agent,设计地铁列车运行调整算法,给出基于规则的地铁列车运行调整控制策略。根据列车群晚点程度的不同,列车运行调整分为全局调整和局部调整。全局调整采用偏移计划运行图方法,局部调整采用滚动优化方法,通过多次调整达到恢复计划运行图的目的,并分别给出相应的调整方法和调整步骤。以北京1号线为背景进行仿真测试,仿真结果表明:基于多Agent协作技术的地铁列车运行调整方法是合理的,并具有动态的扩展性。     

A study on a dynamic model of a vehicle simulator with 6 DOF for the Korean tilting train

This article presents a dynamic model of a railway vehicle for the development of a 6-DOF (degrees of freedom) tilting-train simulator. It will be used to verify the tilting-electronics and tilting-control algorithm that are to be applied to the Korean tilting train. It is composed of 6 electrically driven actuators, a track generation system, a graphic user interface, and a visualization system with a 1600-mm-diameter dome screen. Each system shares the data by means of Ethernet network in real time. In this study, a train model of 9-DOF with a force generation system to tilt the train body has been used. Dynamic analysis for the straight track running and curve negotiation of a railway vehicle can be performed in the model. A verification study for the application of the model to the simulator has been conducted on curving tracks with different radii.