铁路冷藏集装箱运输作业过程控制研究

概述我国铁路冷藏运输发展现状,通过比较铁路冷藏集装箱与普通集装箱运输作业过程的差异,划分作业时间,研究铁路冷藏集装箱试运的相关数据,分析铁路冷藏集装箱试运作业过程.从各环节基本操作时间和各环节之间的等待时间两个方面,对铁路冷藏集装箱作业时效性的影响因素进行分析.提出加强相关政策与制度的落实,控制作业环节时间,逐步建立并完善铁路冷藏集装箱运输服务信息系统等加强铁路冷藏集装箱作业过程控制的措施与建议.     

铁路集装箱起重机异步电动机调压节能的优化方法

铁路集装箱起重机异步电动机具有恒转矩运行和变工况负载的特性,基于异步电动机T型和Γ型等效电路,将定子的铜耗和铁耗看作是仅与定子电压有关的不变损耗,将转子的铜耗看作随负载转矩变化的可变损耗,推导出异步电动机电气总损耗计算式和最优调节电压计算式,并通过实例进行验证。研究结果表明:当转差率为0.01～0.03、起重机电机稳定运行时,按照近似转差率计算的起重机负载转矩误差不超过1.8N.m;在起重机的工作电压高于220V时,电气总损耗的计算误差几乎为零;最优调节电压及其误差随着起重机负载转矩的增加而增大,但在起重机的工作电压范围之内,最优调节电压误差不超过7V;电动机按照起重机负载转矩的变化适时调压时,其电气总损耗小于380和220V恒压驱动的电气总损耗,尤其是在起重机空载运行时,具有显著的节能效果。     

集装箱站装卸线不挂网列车牵引供电设计创新

针对电气化铁路集装箱站装卸线采用不悬挂接触网运输方式,结合目前集装箱站设置方案,研究集装箱装卸线两端接触网行车可能的安装方式,对牵引供电系统的接触网悬挂及下锚安装进行分析,为实现列车牵引供电—接触网在集装箱站装卸线范围内不悬挂接触网行车,设计出两种有针对性的接触网终锚结构方式,满足了列车进出集装箱站装卸线的牵引供电需要。     

我国铁路开行集装箱中转接续班列技术可行性探讨

分析我国铁路集装箱运输现状,利用图示说明我国开行铁路集装箱中转接续班列的思路,从集装箱中转接续班列的开行条件、班列编成辆数、集装箱在办理站的中转停留时间等方面对开行集装箱中转接续班列的技术可行性进行分析,并举例阐述了集装箱中转接续班列的始发终到时间制定,最后简要说明集装箱中转接续班列的运输组织方法。     

哈尔滨集装箱中心站道口信号设计方案研究

集装箱道口是集装箱车辆进出集装箱作业区的必经之处,结合哈尔滨集装箱中心站的站型特点,简要介绍集装箱卡车道口和区间临站道口两种不同类型的道口系统设计方案,着重分析道口通知点位于站内时,由车站联锁控制的道口通知报警时机及传感器自动解除时机的设置。在目前尚无道口定型设计和规范的情况下,以安全适用,技术先进,经济合理为目标,采用先进的传感设备及道口控制系统,制定严密的控制方案,确保哈尔滨集装箱中心站运输生产安全。     

Comments on “Case studies of shipping along Arctic routes. Analysis and profitability perspectives for the container sector” [Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Pract. 66 (2014) 144–161]

This paper points out an important factor that was neglected by “Case studies of shipping along Arctic routes. Analysis and profitability perspectives for the container sector,” when analysing the operating economy of Arctic routes. Further, this paper explains the idea that cargo has a time value. Arctic routes are likely to bring greater commercial value than the Suez, if cargo time value were to be considered.     

看跌期权在集装箱租赁契约中的应用研究

本文将看跌期权引入到集装箱租赁契约中,针对单个集装箱租赁公司和单个承运人组成的单周期、两阶段集装箱租赁服务链,建立了基于看跌期权的承运人决策模型,推导出承运人的最优租箱量和最优期权执行量及其利润函数。同时,文章通过算例分析得出：在需求低迷情况下,与传统契约模型相比较,看跌期权的引入有利于提高承运人的利润,而且随着期权执行价格和需求信息更新准确性的提高,承运人的利润会逐渐增加。     

Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in Sulphur Emission Control Areas

The objective of this paper is to explore the possible consequences of the future low-sulphur fuel requirements in Sulphur Emission Control Areas (SECA) on vessel speed, from the standpoint of the container shipping industry. Rational energy use, speed reduction, and revenues are closely related in the container shipping sector because speed reductions may provide substantial energy and cost savings. The operators could consider reducing their speed in SECA in order to save on fuel that will become relatively expensive. However, to maintain a weekly frequency without adding new ships, such a behaviour implies that the required speed at sea outside the SECA area increases. This paper aims to investigate if such a difference in speed is cost-effective, and if the increase in speed outside SECA may result in an increase in CO₂ emissions of the total cycle. We propose a cost model that estimates the cost-minimising combination of speeds inside and outside SECA, and the resulting CO₂ emissions of the liner service. Applying this model to representative liner services serving North Europe, we find that differentiating speed accordingly slightly decreases total costs and increases CO₂ emissions in a similar way. The results are sensitive to the price of low-sulphur fuels, the part of the cycle in SECA and the number of ships deployed in the service.     

Cluster analysis of the competitiveness of container ports in Brazil

The container cargo proportion of total maritime transport increased from 3% in 1980 to 16% in 2011. The largest Brazilian port, the port of Santos, is the 42nd largest container port in the world. However, Santos’ performance indicators are much lower than those of the world’s largest ports, so comparisons with them are difficult. This article focuses on the Brazilian container terminals that handled containers in 2009 and compares port competitiveness. This study classified seventeen Brazilian container terminals into three distinct groups based on the following competitiveness criteria: number of containers handled, berth length, number of berths, terminal tariffs (in US$), berth depth, rate of medium consignment (in containers/ship), medium board (containers/hour), average waiting time for mooring (in hours/ship), and average waiting time for load or unload cargo (in hours/ship). This classification used a hierarchical cluster analysis. The classification shows that the terminal of Tecon in the port of Santos has the best performance of all, while small terminals (<150,000 container units) are the worst performing terminals in Brazil.     

集装箱船扭转强度和加强方式研究

介绍约束扭转计算原理,分析集装箱船的结构和受力特点,利用MSC/Nastran软件探讨了集装箱船的扭转强度计算方法。在现有结构形式的基础上,提出几种可能提高结构扭转强度的结构加强方案,通过有限元分析比较各方案对于增加同样重量的钢料船体结构中翘曲应力变化情况,比对抗扭效果,研究在考虑成本基础上提高集装箱船抗扭强度的加强方案优先顺序,结果显示对于支线型集装箱船增加舱口围厚度可更有效提高其抗扭强度。