基于ISO15016的实船航速修正方法

介绍了试航航速修正标准ISO15016（2002）的基本原理,根据载荷系数的变化建立平衡方程式,最终修正得到深水、平静海面、无风、无浪、无流条件下的船舶航速和功率。通过VBA编程,编制了一套考虑风、潮流、波浪、操舵、水温、航行状态和浅水等影响因素在内的船舶试航航速修正软件,并以1SO提供的算例对软件进行了检验,证明了该软件的可靠性。最后运用该软件对某散货船实船试航航速进行修正,并与模型试验预报结果进行比较,获得了相同的功率曲线变化趋势。     

软土地基沉降预测模型的对比研究

分析了指数曲线预测模型与双曲线预测模型。基于某实体工程的观测数据,分别采用指数曲线和双曲线进行了永久性土基沉降预测。结果表明,指数曲线预测结果相对保守;通过对截面的沉降预测表明,两种模型的后期预测结果存在较大差异,但预测的稳定性差别不大。     

三次NURBS曲线相关积分量的精确计算公式及其应用

利用节点插入算法将三次NURBS曲线转化成一组三次有理Bézier曲线,结合有理Bézier曲线形式简单的优点,推导了由三次NURBS曲线与坐标轴所围成区域的面积的精确计算公式,只要给定曲线的节点矢量、控制顶点和权因子即可通过逐步代入求得区域的面积.并在此基础上给出了面积矩、形心、惯性矩等相关积分量的计算公式.最后初步研究了这种计算方法应用于船舶静力学性能计算的问题.与传统的数值逼近算法相比它克服了误差的存在.     

Direct tension and fracture resistance curves of ultra high performance marine composite materials

Fracture behavior is one of the most important, yet still little understood properties of ultra-high performance cementitious composites （UHPCC）, a new marine structural engineering material. Research on the fracture and direct tension behavior of UHPCC was carried out. The constitution law of UHPCC was divided into three phases： pre-partial debonding, partial debonding, and pullout phases. A direct tension constitution law was constructed based on the proposed fiber reinforcing parameter as a function of fiber volume fraction, fiber diameter and length, and fiber bonding strength. With the definition of linear crack shape, the energy release rate of UHPCC was derived and the R-curve equation was calculated from this. Loading tests of UHPCC using a three-point bending beam with an initial notch were carried out. The predictions from the proposed R-curve were in good agreement with the test results, indicating that the proposed R-curve accurately describes the fracture resistance of UHPCC. Introduction of a fiber reinforcement parameter bridges the fracture property R-curve and micro-composites＇ mechanics parameters together. This has laid the foundation for further research into fracture properties based on micro-mechanics. The proposed tension constitution law and R-curve can be references for future UHPCC fracture evaluation.     

天津地区碎石混凝土超声回弹综合法测强曲线研究

采用天津地区常用材料制作碎石混凝土试块,进行超声回弹试验和压力试验,采集相关数据,进行4种函数模型的拟合回归,建立了天津地区碎石混凝土的超声回弹综合法地方测强曲线并进行了验证,误差分析和验证结果表明所建曲线满足相关规程的要求,为天津地区混凝土超声回弹综合法测强提供了可靠保证。     

California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard: Modeling financial least-cost pathways to compliance in Northwest California

The transition to low-carbon transportation fuels plays a key role in ongoing efforts to combat climate change. This analysis seeks to optimize potential alternative fuel portfolios that would lead to a 10% reduction in fuel carbon intensity by 2020 as required under California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS).We present a novel, probabilistic modeling approach for evaluating alternative fuel portfolios based on their marginal greenhouse gas (GHG) abatement costs. Applied to a case study region in Northwest California, our model enables us to quantify the financial cost of GHG reduction via each fuel pathway, as well as for a portfolio deployed to meet the LCFS target. It also enables us to explore the sensitivity of the alternative fuel portfolio, evaluating the impact of fluctuating prices, fuel carbon intensities, and technology penetrations on the makeup of the portfolio and on the average cost of GHG abatement.We find that battery electric vehicles play a critical role, as they offer the lowest-financial-cost significant abatement in almost all plausible scenarios. However, electric vehicles alone will not be sufficient to reach the target; low-carbon biofuels can be expected to play a role in the achievement of 2020 Low Carbon Fuel Standard targets.     

A framework for estimating traffic emissions: The development of Passenger Car Emission Unit

In this study, we develop a Passenger Car Emission Unit (PCEU) framework for estimating traffic emissions. The idea is analogous to the use of Passenger Car Unit (PCU) for modeling the congestion effect of different vehicle types. In this approach, we integrate emission modeling and cost evaluation. Different emissions, typically speed-dependent, are integrated as an overall cost via their corresponding external costs. We then develop a normalization procedure to obtain a general trend that is applicable for all vehicle types, which is used to derive a standard cost curve. Different vehicle types with different emission standards are then mapped to this standard cost curve through their corresponding PCEUs that are to be calibrated. Once the standard cost curve and PCEUs have been calibrated, to estimate the overall cost of emission for a particular vehicle, we only need to multiply the corresponding PCEU of that vehicle type to the standard cost curve. We apply this PCEU approach to Hong Kong and obtain promising results. Compared with the results obtained by the full-blown emission model COPERT, the approach achieves high accuracy but obviates tedious inputs typically required for emission estimation.     

基于车长的CBTC车载ATP安全制动曲线模型的研究

安全制动曲线计算模型是CBTC(基于通信的列车控制)车载ATP(列车自动防护)的关键技术。影响该模型计算精度的因素有许多,其中列车长度是最基本也是不能忽略的因素之一。在分析了GEBR(最小紧急制动率)制动曲线与ATP紧急制动触发曲线关系的基础上,考虑了列车长度在附加阻力计算中的影响,将列车模型构造为由多个质点构成的质点链,建立了基于车长的CBTC车载ATP安全制动曲线计算模型。采用B型6节编组列车运行环境对该模型进行仿真。仿真结果表明,多质点列车计算模型比单质点计算模型更符合车载ATP安全制动模型的要求。     

西安地铁隧道净空收敛测量数据回归分析

以西安地铁隧道3号线工程为背景,利用收敛计三角法测量原理,对隧道变形进行监控测量,并以实测数据为依据,应用数学的方法对其进行回归计算和分析,得到了隧道净空收敛的回归方程和最终位移预测值。研究结果表明,隧道净空收敛变化符合指数规律变化,进而可以此预测隧道净空收敛的稳定时间,对指导地铁隧道二次衬砌的施作时间有一定的意义。     

气动载荷影响下的高速列车车体疲劳强度评估方法

对比了国内外高速列车车体设计标准中气动载荷的设计要求, 分析了明线会车侧墙压力波, 采用时间积分法, 将车体瞬态压强转化为侧墙气动载荷, 参照标准BS EN 12663-1—2010确定了包括气动载荷的车体疲劳载荷工况, 以某型动车组头车为研究对象, 建立了车体有限元模型, 基于车体Goodman疲劳强度曲线编写了车体疲劳强度后处理程序, 研究了车体疲劳特性。计算结果表明: 在不考虑气动载荷时计算的较大应力幅值出现在底架上, 而在考虑气动载荷时计算的车体较大应力幅值出现在侧墙门角和窗角上, 最大应力幅值为33.63 MPa, 疲劳强度安全系数为2.26, 相对于侧墙, 底架的应力幅值较小, 小于10.00 MPa, 疲劳强度安全系数大于10.00。在垂向载荷作用下, 侧墙最大当量应力为68.17 MPa, 叠加气动载荷后侧墙最大当量应力为85.31 MPa, 应力增大了25.14%, 因此, 气动载荷对侧墙影响较大, 容易导致侧墙发生疲劳失效。可见, 在高速列车车体设计时, 应将气动载荷与其他疲劳载荷相组合对车体疲劳强度进行评定。