Statistical properties of bulk carrier longitudinal strength

The paper focuses on time-variant longitudinal strength of bulk carriers under corrosion wastage, applying both Taylor series expansion method and Monte Carlo simulation. Hull girder section modulus and ultimate bending moment capacity are determined, by classical beam theory and the commonly applied incremental-iterative approach, respectively. Two main aspects are fully discussed and investigated, according to the final recommendations of last ISSC Report. The former regards the covariance between annual corrosion rates of individual structural members, commonly assumed as uncorrelated. Really, as it is conceivable that a certain correlation exists, three different cases are investigated: uncorrelated variables, fully correlated variables, full correlation between structural members belonging to the same category of compartments. The latter investigates the probability density function of both hull girder section modulus and ultimate bending capacity, because the Central Limit Theorem cannot be applied when correlation among random variables exists. Finally, as a test example, the bulk carrier section, presented in the last ISSC benchmark study, is analysed.     

阴极保护在海洋工程中的应用研究

文章介绍了阴极保护基本工作原理,并阐述了其在海洋工程中对控制船体外壳防锈方面的应用。实例证明,在海洋工程中采用外加电流阴极保护更有优势。     

地下水对混凝土侵蚀性的热力学研究

采用化学热力学方法分析地下水对混凝土的碳酸型、硫酸盐型及硫氢酸型侵蚀。以新建渝怀线圆梁山隧道为实例,对隧道内地下水取样进行全分析,依据水质分析结果设计了五个化学反应方程式,利用德拜-休克尔极限公式及反应平衡常数与吉布斯自由能间的关系式进行活度和热力学计算,得到三组二氧化碳分压对数值和二组反应进行方向判据数值,继而依据创建的二氧化碳分压与反应进行方向的两组判据进行判别分析。分析结果表明,圆梁山隧道地下水对混凝土具有弱碳酸型侵蚀,不存在硫酸盐型侵蚀;由于逸出天然气中的H2S的溶解度较小,可不考虑H2S作用的硫氢酸侵蚀。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending

Corrosion pits with a circular cone shape are typically observed on coated hold frames of aged bulk carriers which carry exclusively coal and iron ore. In order to ensure the safety of these types of bulk carrier, it is necessary to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on the local strength of hold frames. In order to investigate this effect, a series of nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses has been performed with pitted plates subjected to in-plane compressive loads and bending moments. It has been shown that the ultimate compression load or bending moment of pitted plates is smaller than that of uniformly corroded plates in terms of average thickness loss, and that predictions of the ultimate strength using the average thickness loss at the minimum cross section would be conservative. In order to establish a method of evaluating strength reduction due to pitting corrosion, it is important to identify the failure mode that would be most detrimentally affected by pitting corrosion. It was found that the reduction of the ultimate compressive load or bending moment due to pitting corrosion is smaller than that of the tensile strength in terms of equivalent thickness.     

新型车架大梁钢涂装工艺研究——绿色免酸洗EPS表面处理钢初探

通过对热轧钢板和绿色免酸洗表面处理钢（简称EPS钢）的工艺、耐腐蚀性研究,分析了EPS钢具备除锈等级高,除锈后钢材表面质晕好的优点,提出了EPS钢可用于车架大梁钢等零部件,值得推广和应用。     

Finite Element Calculation of the Flexural Stiffness of Corroded RC Eccentric Compressive Members

A finite element calculation model of corroded RC eccentric compressive members was build using finite element software ANSYS. The model considers the decline of mechanical properties and the effective section of a corroded steel bar, as well as the deterioration of bond character between corroded reinforcement and concrete. The reliability of the finite element model was evaluated by comparing the results of the finite element calculation with the data from experiments. Based on the finite element analysis results, the influence of corrosion degree, the diameter change of the longitudinal reinforcing bars and the spacing change of stirrups on the flexural stiffness were calculated and analyzed.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁的耐久性

在分析影响钢筋混凝土桥梁耐久性因素的基础上，介绍了提高钢筋混凝土桥梁耐久性的新方法，以期引起桥梁工作者对桥梁耐久性的重视。     

摩托车减震器底筒锈蚀原因及控制

对于摩托车减震器底筒受潮后锈蚀,一般都认为是涂装工艺过程不合理或涂料选择不当引起的。经过无数次反复的试验后发现,底筒受潮锈蚀与铝合金材料夹杂物及铸造工艺控制有直接关系。     

Predictive analyses of the integrity of corroded pipelines based on concepts of structural reliability and Bayesian inference

In this paper, structural reliability concepts are used in conjunction with limit state functions proposed in the Recommended Practice DNV-RP-F101 (2010) to evaluate the probability of failure of corroded pipelines during their lifetimes. The model takes into account the natural spread of material properties, geometric and operational parameters, and the uncertainties associated with the sizing of eventual corrosion defects. Bayesian reliability concepts are used to estimate the evolution of a pre-defined distribution of defects obtained, for instance, from an inspection campaign. By comparing the predicted probability of failure with the reliability acceptance criteria, the operator can schedule defect repairs and establish inspection intervals with more confidence. This proposed methodology can provide the basis to develop a risk based maintenance strategy of pipeline systems.     

Effects of adhesive type on the mechanical properties of adhesive joints between polyurethane top coats and polyurethane-based adhesives after accelerated atmospheric ageing

The performance of a sealed stainless steel bracket system, adhesively bonded with two polyurethane-based adhesives (flexible adhesive, stiff adhesive) onto a marine polyurethane top coat, is investigated. The investigated joint connections on the coatings exhibited a high mechanical stability even after accelerated ageing (salt spray exposure, cyclic temperature variations, high relative humidity). The aged joints retained up to 81% of their tensile strength and up to 92% of their lap-shear strength. The torsional rigidity of the adhesive joint exceeded the required clamping torque of the designed bolt. A cyclical lifetime of >9·10⁶ load cycles was estimated. Effects of cyclic ageing on the creep performance of the adhesive joint were found to be insignificant. Under tensile loads, the joints with stiff adhesive material exhibited a linear-elastic performance without the capability to deform prior to failure. The joints with the flexible adhesive material, in contrast, exhibited a behavior typically for ductile materials featuring a pronounced yield plateau prior to failure. Failure loads were higher, and displacement was notably lower, for the joints with stiff adhesive material. All joint connections met the requirements for a safety factor for the design for marine applications (11.6 for the flexible adhesive; 14.3 for the stiff adhesive). When the flexible adhesive is applied, the cohesive strength of the adhesive material is the limiting design factor. When the stiff adhesive is utilized, the load carrying capacity is higher, and the interface between priming coat and steel substrate is the limiting design area of the joints. The strength utilization of the adhesive materials depended on the particular structure of the entire joint configuration, particularly on the interface between steel substrate and the coating material. A number of assessment factors, namely stress limit factor, coating adhesion factor and safety factor, are introduced and discussed for tensile and shear loads.